Alosa pseudoharengus, Alewife : fisheries, bait

Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson, 1811)

Alewife
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Alosa pseudoharengus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Alosa pseudoharengus (Alewife)
Alosa pseudoharengus
Immagine di Scarola, J.F.

Classificazione / Nomi Nomi Comuni | Sinonimi | Catalog of Fishes(Genere, Specie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335)pseudoharengus: From the words pseudo, meaning false and harengus, meaning herring (Ref. 10294).

Ambiente: milieu / zona climatica / distribuzione batimetrica / gamma di distribuzione Ecologia

marino; acqua dolce; salmastro pelagic-neritic; anadromo (Ref. 138280); distribuzione batimetrica 5 - 145 m (Ref. 4639), usually 56 - 110 m (Ref. 5951). Temperate; 55°N - 34°N, 93°W - 53°W (Ref. 86798)

Distribuzione Territories | Aree FAO | Ecosistemi | Presenze | Mappa dei ritrovamenti | Introduzioni | Faunafri

North America: Atlantic coast from Red Bay, Labrador in Canada to South Carolina in USA; many landlocked populations exist. Individuals with access to ocean are anadromous, ascending coastal rivers during spring spawning migraitons. Native to Lake Ontario; introduced into other Great Lakes via Welland Canal (first taken in Lake Erie in 1931). Introduced elsewhere, including New River in West Virginia and Virginia, and upper Tennessee River system in Tennessee, USA.

Lunghezza alla prima maturità / Dimensione / Peso / Età

Maturità: Lm ?, range 11 - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 7251); common length : 30.0 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 7251); peso massimo pubblicato: 200.00 g (Ref. 7251); Età massima riportata: 9 anni (Ref. 72462)

Breve descrizione Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria

Spine dorsali (totale) : 0; Spine anali: 0. Moderately compressed, belly with a distinct keel of scutes. Lower jaw rising steeply within mouth; minute teeth present at front of jaws (disappearing with age). Lower gill rakers increasing with age. A dark spot on shoulder. Distinguished from A. aestivalis by its silvery peritoneum; eye larger than snout length; back greyish green on capture.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.

Biologia     Glossario (es. epibenthic)

Adults occur in open water over all bottom types (Ref. 86798). Movement of schooling adults apparently restricted to coastal areas proximal to natal estuaries (Ref. 4639). They migrate up rivers and even small streams to spawn in lakes and quiet stretches of rivers, then return to sea shortly after spawning (Ref. 4639); landlocked populations also ascend affluent rivers and streams. Larvae remain in vicinity of spawning grounds, forming schools at sizes less than 10 mm TL, within one to two weeks after hatching (Ref. 4639), then descend in summer and autumn or even as late as November or December. Adults feed on shrimps and small fishes; the young on diatoms, copepods and ostracods while in rivers. Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked and frozen; eaten fried (Ref. 9988). Also used for crab and lobster bait and sometimes for pet food (Ref. 9988). Parasites found are Acanthocephala, cestodes, trematodes and copepods. Overfishing, pollution and impassable dams cause the decline of stocks (Ref. 37032).

Ciclo vitale e comportamento di accoppiamento Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecondità | Larve

Adults migrate up rivers and even small streams, spawn in lakes and quiet stretches of rivers; landlocked populations also ascend affluent rivers and streams; the fry descend in summer and autumn or even as late as November or December. Spawning activity has been observed both diurnally and nocturnally, but with greatest activity at night (Ref. 38797). Spawning activity stops above 27.8°C (Ref. 38881). Freshwater populations mature earlier and at a smaller average size than saltwater populations (Ref. 4639).

Riferimento principale Caricare le referenze | Bibliografia | Coordinatore | Collaboratori

Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)

Stato della Lista Rossa IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 March 2012

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Minaccia per l'uomo

  Harmless





Usi umani

Pesca: commerciale; esca: occasionally
FAO - pesca: sbarchi; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Informazioni ulteriori

Ciclo di vita
Riproduzione
Maturità
Maturità/Gli occhielli sono relativi.
Fecondità
Deposizione
Aggregazioni riproduttive
Uova
Sviluppo delle uova
Larve
Dinamica popolazioni larvali
Distribuzione
Territories
Aree FAO
Ecosistemi
Presenze
Introduzioni
BRUVS - Video
Anatomia
Area branchiale
Cervello
Otolite
Fisiologia
Composizione corporea
Nutrienti
Consumo di ossigeno
Tipo di nuoto
Velocità di nuoto
Pigmenti visivi
Suono del pesce
Malattie e parassiti
Tossicità (LC50)
Genetica
Genome
Genetica
Eterozigosi
Ereditarietà
Diversità genetica
Legato all'uomo
Sistemi di acquacoltura
Profili di acquacoltura
Varietà
Casi di Ciguatera
Francobolli, monete, materiale vario.
Raggiungimento
Collaboratori
Bibliografia
Bibliografia

Strumenti

Rapporti speciali

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Fonti Internet

AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Genere, Specie | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - pesca: sbarchi; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | OceanAdapt | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Acquari pubblici | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, ricerca | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Record zoologico

Stime basate su modelli

Temperatura preferita (Fonte Biblio. 123201): 0.5 - 10.4, mean 3.3 °C (based on 86 cells).
Indice di diversità filogenetica (Fonte Biblio. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00661 (0.00568 - 0.00769), b=3.06 (3.02 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Livello trofico (Fonte Biblio. 69278):  3.4   ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio. 120179):  Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (K=0.2; tm=3.6; Fec=2,180).
Vulnerabilità della pesca (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100). 🛈
Vulnerabilità climatica (Ref. 125649):  High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100). 🛈
Categoria di prezzo (Ref. 80766):   Low.
Nutrienti (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 15.8 [7.7, 81.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.622 [0.266, 1.415] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [16.9, 22.1] %; Omega3 = 1.41 [0.76, 2.63] g/100g; Selenium = 11.7 [5.5, 25.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.5 [3.4, 49.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.376 [0.235, 0.639] mg/100g (wet weight);