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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Clupeidae (Herrings, shads, sardines, menhadens)
Etymology: Potamalosa: Greek, potamos = river + Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Macleay.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; المياه العذبة; مياه مخلوطة; أسماك نازلة (Ref. 51243). Temperate; 32°S - 39°S, 139°E - 151°E (Ref. 188)
Oceania: Endemic to southeastern Australia.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 32.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 44894); common length : 15.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 44894); العمر: 11 سنين (Ref. 6996)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 0; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 12 - 18; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 16 - 27. Body fairly elongate, belly keeled, with 16 to 18 + 14 or 15 scutes; about 14 dorsal scutes with low keel from head to dorsal fin origin. Minute or no teeth in jaws; second supra-maxilla slender. Branchiostegal rays 8. Anal fin origin far behind dorsal fin base. Juveniles resemble Hyperlophus, which has a deeper second supra-maxilla, only 4 branchiostegal rays and i 6 pelvic fin rays.
It occurs in clear, moderately fast-flowing streams, as well as in quiet backwaters, estuaries, and in the sea ( Ref. 5259, 44894). Also found in sluggish lowland rivers (Ref. 44894). A schooling species and appears diadromous. A fast swimming, shoal-forming species. Nothing much is known of its biology, although it may have a catadromous life cycle. Downstream migration to estuaries, presumably for spawning, has been reported in winter months (July-August). Feeds on worms, small crustaceans and insects (Ref. 44894). Breeds in estuaries in July to August. Taken in nets during the spawning season; will also take bait.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: مصائد تستهلك محلينا
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00337 - 0.00855), b=3.22 (3.08 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.43 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (K=0.13; tmax=11).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
