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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Limnothrissa: Greek, limne = swamp + Greek, thrissa, es = shad (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Boulenger.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 大洋性; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 10 - 60 m (Ref. 27631). 熱帶; 21°C - 29°C (Ref. 5392); 3°S - 18°S
Africa: endemic to Lake Tanganyika (Ref. 188, 28136, 107916), but introduced into several other lakes, like Lake Kivu, Lake Kariba and Cahora Bassa reservoir (Ref. 188, 7248, 28136, 52193, 107916). Also reported as Microthrissa stappersii from Lake Mweru (Ref. 246, 52958), but this is based on an erroneous type locality of the species (Ref. 26733).
非洲: 坦噶尼喀湖, 但是引入一些其他的湖 (基伍湖，卡裡巴湖與卡布拉巴薩水庫) 中了. 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 6.8 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 17.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 36901); common length : 10.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4967); 最大體重: 40.00 g (Ref. 36901)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 13 - 18; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 15 - 19; 脊椎骨: 41 - 44. Diagnosis: Body fairly slender, depth about 22-24% of standard length; pre-pelvic scutes not strongly keeled, beginning behind base of last pectoral fin ray; maxilla blade over 4 times as long as its shaft, its lower toothed edge continued forward to meet hind tip of pre-maxilla; second supra-maxilla asymmetrical, lower half larger; lower gillrakers long and slender, 35-40; a distinct silver stripe along flank (Ref. 188, 1878). Its synonym Limnothrissa stappersii is characterised by fewer lower gill rakers, 22-25, fewer anal fin rays, 15-17, and the absence of scutes, and represents possibly a juvenile form of L. miodon (Ref. 188, 26733). It resembles Stolothrissa tanganicae of Lake Tanganyika, which is more slender, has a small eye and a shorter maxilla blade not reaching forward to hind tip of premaxilla (Ref. 188).
身體非常細長的。 前腹鰭鱗甲不有明顯的龍骨,在最後胸鰭鰭條的基底後面開始。 超過 4 的顎骨葉片倍長於它的軸,繼續的它的低有齒的邊緣向前到前顎骨的適宜後部頂端; 第二個上顎骨不對稱的, 下半部比較大的。 下鰓耙長且細的。 一條明顯的銀色斑紋沿著側面。 吻寬的有尖端細的側邊, 不凹曲當從上方看了。 它有一個大的氣管是它的能力的原因移動大的垂直距離。
Inhabits offshore areas of lake Tanganyika; also occurs at rivermouths, where the water is not too muddy and not very different physico-chemically from the Lake (Ref. 5393); lacustrine, forming large schools (Ref. 188, 7248), preferring open water (Ref. 13337). It has been successfully introduced to Lake Kivu, Lake Kariba and Cahora Bassa reservoir (Ref. 4967); found throughout Lake Kariba in both inshore habitats and open water to a depth of 20-35 m depending on the thermocline (Ref. 7248, 52193). Feeds on plankton, especially atyid shrimps, also copepods and prawns, but larger individuals apparently take larval Stolothrissa (Ref. 188). Cannibalism does occur (Ref. 13337). Breeds close to the shore throughout the rainy seasons, but with peaks in May/June and December/January (Ref. 188). Fire is used to attract the fish and caught by means of scoop nets (Ref. 36900). Used widely as bait by anglers, especially for tigerfish (Ref. 7248, 52193).
近岸與在海灣中。 非常普遍, 已經成功地引進了湖卡瓦胡椒， Kariba 與 Carbora bass.(參考文獻 4967) 一個湖泊的魚種, 偏愛開放水域.(參考文獻 13337) 形成大群魚群。 主要夜行並且吃浮游生物 (尤其匙指蝦，也吃橈足類, 蝦), 但是較大的個體吃仔魚 Stolothrissa. 嗜食同類確實出現。 (參考文獻 13337) 繁殖接近海岸整個雨季, 在五月到六月與十二月到一月但是有峰巔。 火被用來吸引魚而且被勺形網的方法捕獲.(參考文獻 36900)
Breeds close to the shore during the rainy seasons, but with peaks in May/June and December/January (Ref. 188).非洲: 坦噶尼喀湖, 但是引入一些其他的湖 (基伍湖，卡裡巴湖與卡布拉巴薩水庫) 中了. 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00741 (0.00409 - 0.01345), b=2.98 (2.83 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 1.6 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.86-1.2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (12 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 367 [118, 1,086] mg/100g; Iron = 4.89 [2.26, 10.19] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [17.0, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.641 [0.187, 2.294] g/100g; Selenium = 117 [37, 355] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.4 [4.2, 76.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 3.88 [2.16, 7.09] mg/100g (wet weight);
