Classification / Names ຊື່ສາມັນ | ຄຳສັບຄ້າຍຄືກັນ | Catalog of Fishes(ຕະກຸນ, ຊະນິດ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Opisthonema: Greek, opisthe = behind + Greek,nema = filament (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range ນິເວດວິທະຍາ

ສັດທະເລ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ ? - 70 m (Ref. 96339), usually ? - 50 m (Ref. 11035). Tropical; 28°N - 3°S, 112°W - 78°W (Ref. 54686)

ການແຜ່ກະຈາຍ ປະເທດ | ເຂດ FAO | ລະບົບນິເວດ | ການປະກົດຕົວ | Point map | ການແນະນຳ | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: Santa Rosalita, Pacific coast of Baja, California, Mexico southward to Punta Sal and Punta Picos, Peru. (Earlier works probably combined data for Opisthonema bulleri and Opisthonema medirastre). Range is extended northwards to San Pedro, California (Ref. 35601). Rare on outer coast of Baja California Sur (Ref. 35601).

ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 55763); common length : 22.0 cm SL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 9291); ນ້ຳໜັກສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍຈັດພີມມາ: 261.36 g (Ref. 124487)

Short description ຕົວທີ່ໃຊ້ໃນການຈຳແນກຊະນິດ | ສະລີລະວິທະຍາ | ການວັດແທກຮູບຮ່າງລັກສະນະພາຍນອກຂອງດິນ,ສັດ,ປາ…

ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ) : 0; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ) : 13 - 21; ຄີ(ໜາມ) ແຂງຢູ່ຄີກົ້ນປາ ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກແຂງ ຄວາມຖີ່ຂອງກຸ່ມຖ່າຍທອດພັນ ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລແລະໄປໄຂ່ຢູ່ນ້ຳຈືດ ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫັຼງ ການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກ: 0; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 12 - 23. The filamentous last dorsal fin ray distinguishes it from members of any other eastern Pacific clupeoid genus. Separated from eastern Pacific Opisthonema species by having 63 to 110 lower gill rakers in fishes over 14 cm standard length.

Usually occur near the surface of coastal and offshore waters, down to over bottom of continental shelf (Ref. 11035). Form dense schools. Apparently the most abundant of the eastern Pacific species of Opisthonema. Feed on phytoplankton (dinoflagellates and diatoms). Oviparous, with planktonic eggs and larvae (Ref. 35601). It is reduced to fish meal (Ref. 9291). Oil may be extracted (Ref. 9291). May be canned (Ref. 9291).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | ການສືບພັນ | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | ຕົວອ່ອນ

Oviparous (Ref. 35601).

Main reference Upload your references | ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | ຜູ້ປະສານງານ | ຜູ້ຮ່ວມມື

Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 24 May 2007

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

ການປະມົງ: ທີ່ມີການຄ້າສູງ; ເຍື່ອ: occasionally

FAO - ການປະມົງ: landings, species profile; Publication: search | FishSource | ທະເລອ້ອມຂ້າງພວກເຮົາ

ຂໍ້ມູນຕື່ມອີກ

Trophic ecology
ລາຍການອາຫານ
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
ຜູ້ລ້າ

Ecology
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ

Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
ການສືບພັນ
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
ຕົວອ່ອນ
ການປ່ຽນແປງຂອງຕົວອ່ອນ

Distribution
ປະເທດ
ເຂດ FAO
ລະບົບນິເວດ
ການປະກົດຕົວ
ການແນະນຳ
BRUVS - Videos

Anatomy
Gill areas
ສະໝອງ
Otoliths

Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
ປະເພດການລອຍ
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
ສຽງຂອງປາ
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
ກຳມະພັນ
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities

Human related
Aquaculture systems
ຂໍ້ມູນການລ້ຽງສັດນ້ຳ
ສາຍພັນ
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
ຜູ້ຮ່ວມມື

Taxonomy
ຊື່ສາມັນ
ຄຳສັບຄ້າຍຄືກັນ
ສະລີລະວິທະຍາ
ການວັດແທກຮູບຮ່າງລັກສະນະພາຍນອກຂອງດິນ,ສັດ,ປາ…
ຮູບ

References
ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ

ເຄື່ອງມື

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

Download XML

Summary page | ຈຸດໃດໜຶ່ງທີ່ສະແດງຂໍ້ມູນ | ຊື່ສາມັນ | Photos

ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 21.4 - 29, mean 27 °C (based on 86 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00504 - 0.01373), b=3.02 (2.88 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref. 69278): 2.9 ±0.28 se; based on food items.

ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref. 120179): ສູງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງໜ້ອຍກວ່າ 15 ເດືອນ (K=0.22-0.5).

Prior r = 0.43, 95% CL = 0.28 - 0.64, Based on 2 full stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 199 [90, 362] mg/100g; Iron = 1.94 [1.10, 3.34] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.5, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.37 [0.21, 0.67] g/100g; Selenium = 48.5 [23.7, 99.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26.8 [9.3, 78.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.41 [0.97, 2.09] mg/100g (wet weight);

Opisthonema libertate (Günther, 1867)