Classification / Names आम नाम | उपशब्द | Catalog of Fishes(वर्ग, प्रजाति) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Ehiravidae (River sprats)
Etymology: Clupeonella: Latin, clupea = sardine, derived from Clupeus = shield; diminutive (Ref. 45335); cultriventris: "cultiventris" is taken from the Latin word, culter, meaning to cultivate. The ventral area of this fish is in the shape of a coulter, a vertical iron cutting blade fixed in front of a ploughshare (Ref. 72389).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

समुद्री; स्वच्छ जल, अलवण जल; खारा; ऐनाढरोमस (Ref. 51243); गहराई सीमा 10 - 13 m (Ref. 10535). Temperate; 60°N - 36°N, 27°E - 56°E

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Eurasia: Black Sea (northwestern parts), Sea of Azov and Caspian Sea, also most of the affluent rivers of the area, reaching as far as 60 km inland. Also, Lake Palaeostomi (Bulgaria) and in Bay of Feodosiya (Romania), also Lake Apolyont (Turkey) (Ref. 188). Previously, two subspecies were recognized by some: Clupeonella cultriventris cultriventris (Nordmann, 1840) from the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov and Clupeonella cultriventris caspia (Svetovidov, 1941) from the Caspian Sea (Ref. 26334, 39702).

आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 14.5 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 72389); common length : 10.0 cm SL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 188); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 5 वर्षो (Ref. 10535)

Short description पहचान कुंजी | आकृति विज्ञान | मौरफोमैटरिक्स

पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 0; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 13 - 21; गुदा कांटा: 0; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 12 - 23. Head short and wide; belly sharply keeled, with 24 to 29 scutes; pectoral fin tips pointed; last 2 anal fin rays enlarged; pterotic bulla absent; no notch at the center of the upper jaw. Based on pelvic and pectoral fin length, Svetovidov (1952 and 1963) recognized 2 subspecies: C. cultriventris cultriventris with longer pectoral and pelvic fins compared to that of C. cultriventris caspia.

Essentially a brackish water species but tolerating salinities up to 34 ppt and with semi-anadromous and purely freshwater forms in rivers and lakes. Forms schools. Migratory between winter or autumn feeding and summer spawning grounds. Feeds on zooplankton (Ref. 188); crustaceans such as copepods and cladocerans (Ref. 59043). Breeds in early summer in the Sea of Azov with a peak in May, and from about May in the lower reaches of rivers (e.g. Dneiper and Dneister) (Ref. 188). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 59043).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक | सहयोगीयो

Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 January 2008

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: उच्च वाणिज्य

FAO - मात्स्यिकी: landings, species profile; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 13.5 - 16.5, mean 14.8 °C (based on 130 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00362 - 0.01590), b=3.06 (2.88 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.

लौटाव (Ref. 120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.2-1.1(?); tm=2-3; tmax=5; Fec=5,220-20,110).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): High vulnerability (60 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): High.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 39.7 [14.4, 148.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.303 [0.112, 1.137] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.8, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.937 [0.472, 1.929] g/100g; Selenium = 2.05 [0.71, 7.26] μg/100g; VitaminA = 46 [15, 144] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.597 [0.351, 1.704] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

Clupeonella cultriventris (Nordmann, 1840)