分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Ehiravidae (River sprats)
Etymology: Clupeonella: Latin, clupea = sardine, derived from Clupeus = shield; diminutive (Ref. 45335); cultriventris: "cultiventris" is taken from the Latin word, culter, meaning to cultivate. The ventral area of this fish is in the shape of a coulter, a vertical iron cutting blade fixed in front of a ploughshare (Ref. 72389).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - 13 m (Ref. 10535). 溫帶; 60°N - 36°N, 27°E - 56°E
Eurasia: Black Sea (northwestern parts), Sea of Azov and Caspian Sea, also most of the affluent rivers of the area, reaching as far as 60 km inland. Also, Lake Palaeostomi (Bulgaria) and in Bay of Feodosiya (Romania), also Lake Apolyont (Turkey) (Ref. 188). Previously, two subspecies were recognized by some: Clupeonella cultriventris cultriventris (Nordmann, 1840) from the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov and Clupeonella cultriventris caspia (Svetovidov, 1941) from the Caspian Sea (Ref. 26334, 39702).
歐亞大陸: 黑海 (在西北部的部份), 亞速海與裡海, 也大部分的區域的支流, 達到遠達 60 公里在內陸。 同時, 湖 Palaeostomi(保加利亞) 與在 Feodosiya(羅馬尼亞) 的海灣中, 也湖 Apolyont(土耳其).(參考文獻 188) 二個亞種被辨識特徵為一些,
Clupeonella cultriventris cultriventris(Nordmann,1840) 從黑海與亞速海與 Clupeonella cultriventris caspia(Svetovidov,1941) 從裡海.(參考文獻 26334,39702)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 14.5 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 72389); common length : 10.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 188); 最大年龄: 5 年 (Ref. 10535)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 13 - 21; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 12 - 23. Head short and wide; belly sharply keeled, with 24 to 29 scutes; pectoral fin tips pointed; last 2 anal fin rays enlarged; pterotic bulla absent; no notch at the center of the upper jaw. Based on pelvic and pectoral fin length, Svetovidov (1952 and 1963) recognized 2 subspecies: C. cultriventris cultriventris with longer pectoral and pelvic fins compared to that of C. cultriventris caspia.
头部短与宽的; 腹面锐利地龙骨, 藉由 24 到 29个鳞甲; 胸鳍顶端尖的; 最后 2个臀鳍棘条增大了; pterotic 文件印章不存在; 在上颌的中心的没有凹槽。 以腹鳍与胸鳍长度为依据,Svetovidov(1952 与 1963) 辨认出 2个亚种了: 具有比较长的胸鳍与腹鳍的 C. cultriventris cultriventris 相较于 C. cultriventris caspia了。
Essentially a brackish water species but tolerating salinities up to 34 ppt and with semi-anadromous and purely freshwater forms in rivers and lakes. Forms schools. Migratory between winter or autumn feeding and summer spawning grounds. Feeds on zooplankton (Ref. 188); crustaceans such as copepods and cladocerans (Ref. 59043). Breeds in early summer in the Sea of Azov with a peak in May, and from about May in the lower reaches of rivers (e.g. Dneiper and Dneister) (Ref. 188). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 59043).
实质上一个半淡咸水种但是容忍盐度向上到 34个 ppt 与具有半-溯河洄游产卵与河川与湖泊中的纯淡水类型。 形成鱼群。 回游的在秋冬进食与夏天产卵场之间。 吃浮游动物。 繁殖于初夏在亚速海五月时具有一个高峰, 与从河 (例如内波河与 Dneister) 的下面范围的大约五月.
歐亞大陸: 黑海 (在西北部的部份), 亞速海與裡海, 也大部分的區域的支流, 達到遠達 60 公里在內陸。 同時, 湖 Palaeostomi(保加利亞) 與在 Feodosiya(羅馬尼亞) 的海灣中, 也湖 Apolyont(土耳其).(參考文獻 188) 二個亞種被辨識特徵為一些,
Clupeonella cultriventris cultriventris(Nordmann,1840) 從黑海與亞速海與 Clupeonella cultriventris caspia(Svetovidov,1941) 從裡海.(參考文獻 26334,39702)
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性
工具
特别资料
下载 XML
网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.5 - 16.5, mean 14.8 °C (based on 130 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00362 - 0.01590), b=3.06 (2.88 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.2-1.1(?); tm=2-3; tmax=5; Fec=5,220-20,110).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 39.7 [14.4, 148.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.303 [0.112, 1.137] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.8, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.937 [0.472, 1.929] g/100g; Selenium = 2.05 [0.71, 7.26] μg/100g; VitaminA = 46 [15, 144] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.597 [0.351, 1.704] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
