Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά); Γλυκού νερού; Υφάλμυρο βενθικό(ς); κατάδρομος (Ref. 46888). Temperate; 15°S - 40°S, 110°E - 155°E
Indo-West Pacific: southern Australia, from Geraldton, Western Australia to Cooktown, Queensland.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 9812); common length : 18.5 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 9812)
Form schools in shallows, bogs and lower estuaries, and more saline lagoons. Often seen jumping at the surface (Ref. 9812). Fish younger than one year can be found in freshwaters, but not when older (Ref. 9812). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Spawn in the sea. Feed on minute benthic organisms, including small crustaceans and filamentous algae. Marketed fresh and filleted (Ref. 9812).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Bathia, U. and T. Wongratana, 1974. Mugilidae. In W. Fischer and P.J.P. Whitehead (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Indian Ocean (fishing area 57) and Western Central Pacific (Fishing Area 71). Volume 3. [var. pag.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 2109)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά)
Εργαλεία
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.2 - 25.2, mean 18.5 °C (based on 152 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00558 - 0.02474), b=2.96 (2.79 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 2.9 ±0.33 se; based on food items.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
