Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة القاع; نطاق العمق 5 - 50 m (Ref. 9563). Temperate
Indo-West Pacific: southern Australia and New Zealand (Ref. 5755).
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9563)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 12; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 9 - 10; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 5. Gill cover margin with 3 spines and a row of spines beneath the eye. Large mouth with villiform teeth (Ref. 9003).
Found on rocky bottoms (Ref. 9563). Known in shallow estuaries from muddy environments to offshore reefs in kelp reef (Ref. 9002). Nocturnal species and juveniles are occasionally seen in large rock pools. Feeds on a wide variety of invertebrates, mainly on crustaceans and fishes (Ref. 9003).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
May, J.L. and J.G.H. Maxwell, 1986. Trawl fish from temperate waters of Australia. CSIRO Division of Fisheries Research, Tasmania. 492 p. (Ref. 9563)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.7 - 22.3, mean 17.8 °C (based on 132 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.00739 - 0.02049), b=3.04 (2.90 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 48.4 [23.4, 103.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.379 [0.204, 0.683] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.9, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.98 [0.42, 2.70] g/100g; Selenium = 9.57 [4.46, 22.24] μg/100g; VitaminA = 22.3 [7.7, 64.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.703 [0.497, 1.010] mg/100g (wet weight);
