分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 底中水層性; 深度上下限 10 - 450 m (Ref. 9563). 亞熱帶的; 19°S - 41°S, 148°E - 178°W
Western Pacific: eastern Australia from western Bass Strait and northeastern Tasmania to Moreton Bay, Queensland. Also found in New Zealand; recently recorded from the Chesterfield Islands and New Caledonia (Ref. 9833).
西太平洋: 來自 bass 海峽西部與東北方的塔斯梅尼亞到昆士蘭省的摩瑞頓灣的澳洲東部。 也發現於紐西蘭; 最近記錄了從赤斯特菲群島與新加勒多尼亞。 (參考文獻 9833)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 22.5, range 20 - 25 cm
Max length : 51.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 33987); 最大體重: 2.0 kg (Ref. 9833)
背棘 (總數) : 6 - 7; 背的軟條 (總數) : 11 - 13; 臀棘: 4; 臀鰭軟條: 12; 脊椎骨: 24.
Occur on rocky reefs and muddy substrates of the continental shelf and upper slope, forming dense schools close to the bottom at dawn and dusk and dispersing throughout the water column at night to feed (Ref. 9563). Juveniles also aggregate in schools (Ref. 33987) and are found in estuaries and shallow costal waters (Ref. 9833). Feed on small fish, crustaceans and mollusks (Ref. 27111).
生存在大陸棚的岩礁與泥質底部與上層斜坡上面, 形成密集的魚群接近在破曉的底部，而且薄暮而且在水團各處分散在晚上覓食。 (參考文獻 9563) 稚魚也聚集成群 (參考文獻 33987) 而且被發現於河口與水淺的肋骨水域。 (參考文獻 9833) 捕食小魚，甲殼動物與軟體動物。 (參考文獻 27111)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
西太平洋: 來自 bass 海峽西部與東北方的塔斯梅尼亞到昆士蘭省的摩瑞頓灣的澳洲東部。 也發現於紐西蘭; 最近記錄了從赤斯特菲群島與新加勒多尼亞。 (參考文獻 9833)
Paxton, J.R., 1999. Berycidae. Alfonsinos. p. 2218-2220. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9833)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.1 - 20.5, mean 15.9 °C (based on 22 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5088 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00571 - 0.02773), b=3.04 (2.85 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.59 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 14.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.25; tm=4; tmax=16).
Prior r = 0.43, 95% CL = 0.28 - 0.64, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (64 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 41.4 [12.4, 125.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.724 [0.333, 1.367] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [16.8, 18.9] %; Omega3 = 0.431 [0.177, 0.992] g/100g; Selenium = 41.3 [21.8, 78.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.2 [6.8, 63.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.733 [0.506, 1.093] mg/100g (wet weight);
