分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Jordan.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 6 - 200 m (Ref. 36453), usually 70 - 100 m (Ref. 43588). 亞熱帶的; - 43°S
Southeast Pacific: Chile (Ref. 9068). Southwest Atlantic: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to Patagonia, Argentina (Ref. 36453).
東南太平洋: 智利.(參考文獻 9068) 西南大西洋: 巴西里約熱內盧到巴塔哥尼亞，阿根廷.(參考文獻 36453)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 33.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 48.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 43588); 62.0 cm TL (female); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 6077)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 78 - 84; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 60 - 65; 脊椎骨: 37 - 39. Scales ctenoid only on the ocular side, cycloid on the blind side (Ref. 43588).
鳞片栉鳞的只有在有眼睛的一边上, 圆形的在没有眼睛的一边上.(参考文献 43588)
Ranges from the coast to 200 m depth (Ref. 36453). Frequently captured over sandy bottoms (Ref. 42588). Feeds mainly on fishes, also shrimps (Ref. 36453).
分布自岸边到 200 公尺深。 (参考文献 36453) 时常取得了沙质底部之上。 (参考文献 42588) 主要吃鱼，也捕食虾。 (参考文献 36453)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).東南太平洋: 智利.(參考文獻 9068) 西南大西洋: 巴西里約熱內盧到巴塔哥尼亞，阿根廷.(參考文獻 36453)
Figueiredo, J.L. and N.A. Menezes, 2000. Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. VI.Teleostei (5). Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo. Brazil. 116 p. (Ref. 36453)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 4.8 - 19.9, mean 10.1 °C (based on 74 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00450 - 0.00641), b=3.16 (3.11 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 71.3 [31.6, 128.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.966 [0.464, 1.748] mg/100g; Protein = 16.1 [13.8, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.208 [0.110, 0.380] g/100g; Selenium = 31.6 [14.3, 71.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.1 [3.5, 55.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.526 [0.349, 0.788] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
