Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री ड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 35 - 600 m (Ref. 82251), usually 251 - 300 m (Ref. 82251). Subtropical; 24°N - 47°S, 107°W - 74°W
Eastern Pacific: distribution is not precisely known; but may extend from Mazatlán, Mexico to Chile.
आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Common length : 35.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 9330)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 0; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 64 - 73; गुदा कांटा: 0; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 52 - 58. Pectoral fins rather small, about 2 times in head in ocular side and about 2.5 times in head on blind side. Pelvic fin on ocular side slightly larger than on blind side. Caudal fin round. Body brownish, with obscure darker spots on body and fins (Ref. 27363).
This species inhabits soft bottoms (Ref. 9330); from the littoral zone (35 m, shallowest depth reported in Ref. 9330) up to 600 m (Yañez and Barbieri, 1974.in Ref. 82251:833). Common depth range was taken from a study done in northern Chile. Stomach contents include mainly the squat lobsters (Pleuroncodes monodon and Cervimunida johni) and the deep-sea shrimp (Heterocarpus reedi) (Ref. 82251). Exploited on a local level with trawl nets and is utilized fresh or as fishmeal.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Hensley, D.A., 1995. Paralichthyidae. Lenguados. p. 1349-1380. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9330)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य
साधन
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10.9 - 12, mean 11.4 °C (based on 7 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00346 - 0.01519), b=3.17 (2.99 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): ऊंचा, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 15 महीने। (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 461 [145, 1,393] mg/100g; Iron = 1.46 [0.59, 3.70] mg/100g; Protein = 16.2 [13.8, 18.5] %; Omega3 = 0.409 [0.142, 1.201] g/100g; Selenium = 14.4 [4.0, 51.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 114 [18, 780] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.81 [0.93, 3.31] mg/100g (wet weight);
