分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - 200 m, usually 10 - 150 m (Ref. 35388). 溫帶; 72°N - 43°N, 26°W - 45°E (Ref. 54592)
Northeast Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to the White Sea and off Iceland.
東北大西洋: 比斯開灣到白海與外海的冰島。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 29.3, range 20 - 30 cm
Max length : 65.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9988); 最大体重: 3.0 kg (Ref. 6112); 最大年龄: 23 年 (Ref. 6112)
Small head and mouth. Body is oval. Skin is marbled and smooth. Lateral line almost straight, slight curve above the pectoral fin (Ref. 35388).
小的头部与嘴。 身体是椭圆形。 皮肤被有大理石花纹而且平滑的。 侧线在胸鳍上面的几乎直又轻微的弯曲.(参考文献 35388)
Lives most often on stony bottoms. Feeds on a variety of small invertebrates, but polychaetes seem to dominate. Apparently they do not feed in wintertime (Ref. 9900). Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
在多石底部上最时常住。 吃多种小型无脊椎动物，但是多毛类动物似乎占优势。 显然地它们不在冬季中觅食。 (参考文献 9900) 在市场上销售生鲜和冷冻; 清蒸,油炸,火烤, 微波了而且烧烤了.(参考文献 9988)
Spawning is mainly confined to depths of 55-91 m in the northwestern North Sea and commences at a minimum temperature of 6.5 °C in Scottish waters. Sex ratio is about 1:1, but females progressively predominate upon sexual maturity. 東北大西洋: 比斯開灣到白海與外海的冰島。
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.1 - 12.5, mean 9.9 °C (based on 1310 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00603 - 0.00954), b=3.09 (3.02 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.33 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.08-0.42; tm=3-6; tmax=23).
Prior r = 0.71, 95% CL = 0.47 - 1.07, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 20.4 [11.3, 39.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.237 [0.134, 0.434] mg/100g; Protein = 17 [15, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.301 [0.150, 0.610] g/100g; Selenium = 18.1 [9.7, 37.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.6 [1.8, 30.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.377 [0.264, 0.576] mg/100g (wet weight);
