Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री ड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 25 - 80 m (Ref. 130215). Temperate; 58°N - 48°N, 11°W - 9°E
Northeast Atlantic: all coasts of the British Isles and English Channel to northern Biscay.
आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm SL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 4674)
Dark spot on each side of the snout absent (Ref. 35388).
Inhabits inshore and offshore, although only juveniles appear to occur close inshore. Feeds initially on zooplankton, but for lengths greater than 10 to 15 cm small fish, such as clupeids and ammodytids dominate the diet (Ref. 4674). Spawns in winter and has a more southern distribution (Ref. 35388).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा
Reay, P.J., 1986. Ammodytidae. p. 945-950. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4674)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 9.2 - 12.3, mean 10.8 °C (based on 144 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00316 (0.00164 - 0.00611), b=3.06 (2.89 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.77 se; based on food items.
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
