分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods)
鱈形目 (Cods) >
Gadidae (Cods and haddocks)
鱈科 (Cods and haddocks)
Etymology: Trisopterus: Greek, tris = thrice + Greek, pteron = wing, fin (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 30 - 100 m (Ref. 3663). 溫帶; 62°N - 25°N, 19°W - 16°E
Northeastern Atlantic: from Norway to Morocco incl. British Isles and offshore islands, and Skagerrak, and in the western Mediterranean Ref. 1371, 90172).
東大西洋: 不列顛群島與史卡基拉克海域到非洲海岸, 包括離岸島嶼。 也在地中海西部。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 22.1, range 21 - 25 cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7034); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 最大年齡: 4 年 (Ref. 1371)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0. Chin barbel well developed. Pelvic fins with slightly elongated anterior rays. Body light brown dorsally, relatively tall, grayish on the sides becoming silvery ventrally, with four or five broad indistinct transverse bars on the sides; a dark blotch at the upper edge of the pectoral-fin base (Ref. 1371). Eye diameter as snout length. Anus lies below the middle of the first dorsal fin (Ref. 35388).
下巴觸鬚發展良好的。 腹鰭有些微地延長了前面的鰭條。 身體淡色的褐色背面, 相當高的, 淺灰色的側邊上腹地變成銀色, 有四個或側邊上的五條寬的不明顯的橫跨橫帶; 在胸鰭基底的上緣的一個黑色斑塊.(參考文獻 1371) 如吻的長度眼直徑。 肛門位於第一背鰭的中央下面。 (參考文獻 35388)
Gregarious fish; immature ones often occur in large schools. Lives mostly on the outer shelf, but moves inshore to depths of 50 m or less for spawning. Feeds on benthic crustaceans but also on small fish, mollusks and polychaetes (Ref. 3663). Caught as a bycatch, used as food fish (Ref. 35388).
群居的魚; 不成熟的一些時常大群出現。 大部份靠外部的大陸棚生活, 但是向海岸移動到深度 50 公尺以內進行產卵。 吃底棲的甲殼動物也捕食小魚，軟體動物與多毛類動物.(參考文獻 3663) 捕捉作為一個被作為食用魚的誤捕.(參考文獻 35388)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous, sexes are separate (Ref. 205).東大西洋: 不列顛群島與史卡基拉克海域到非洲海岸, 包括離岸島嶼。 也在地中海西部。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.1 - 12.8, mean 9.6 °C (based on 168 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00741 (0.00637 - 0.00863), b=3.10 (3.06 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.2-0.4; tm=1-2; tmax=4; Fec=200,000).
Prior r = 0.32, 95% CL = 0.21 - 0.48, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 69.1 [17.6, 230.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.679 [0.148, 3.039] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [16.2, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.649 [0.318, 1.346] g/100g; Selenium = 14.4 [6.8, 30.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.5 [3.5, 52.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.29 [0.32, 3.68] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
