科 Gadidae - Cods and haddocks | ||||
目 | : | Gadiformes | ||
綱 | : | Teleostei | ||
No. in FishBase | : | Genera : 11 | 種 : 22 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes | ||
環境 | : | 淡水 : Yes | 半鹹淡水 : Yes | 海洋 : Yes | ||
區分 | : | Marine | ||
水族館 | : | none | ||
最早的化石記錄 | : | middle Tertiary Oligocene | 參考文獻 Berg, L.S. 1958 | |
附註 | : | Marine: Arctic, Atlantic, and Pacific. Three dorsal fins and two anal fins, the first dorsal behind head. No spines. Pelvics before pectorals. Teeth present on vomer. Usually with barbel. No otophysic connection between swim bladder and auditory capsules. Egg without oil globule. Up to about 2 m maximum length in Gadus morhua. Members of the family are found in circumpolar and temperate waters, mainly of the northern hemisphere. Most species are demersal or benthopelagic, feeding on fish and invertebrates. Schooling and long-distance migrations are known for several gadid species. Oviparous, gonochorous, with pelagic or demersal eggs (Ref. 101194).The family is second only to the Clupeidae in terms of the global volume of marine fish landings. Following Eschmeyer (Ref. 1830) Lotidae and Phycidae are not included. | ||
詞源 | : | Latin, gadus = a kind of fish ( Ref. 45335). | ||
生殖同功群 | : | nonguarders | ||
典型活動層 | : | normal | ||
主要參考文獻 | : | Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 | ||
合作者 | : | |||
Deep Fin Classification | : | Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Euteleosteomorpha | Neoteleostei | Eurypterygia | Ctenosquamata | Acanthomorphata | Paracanthopterygii | | Zeiogadaria | Gadariae | | Gadiformes | | | Gadidae |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination |
---|---|---|---|
Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758 | accepted | senior | original |
Asellus major Not given | ambiguous | other | other |
Gadus morhua morhua Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | change in rank |
! Gadus morrhua Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original |
Gadus callarias Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus morhua callarias Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | junior | change in rank |
! Gadus callarius Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus vertagus Walbaum, 1792 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus heteroglossus Walbaum, 1792 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus ruber Lacepède, 1803 | ambiguous | questionable | original |
Gadus arenosus Mitchill, 1815 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus rupestris Mitchill, 1815 | synonym | junior | original |
Morhua vulgaris Fleming, 1828 | synonym | junior | original |
! Morrhua vulgaris Fleming, 1828 | synonym | junior | original |
Morhua punctatus Fleming, 1828 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus nanus Faber, 1829 | synonym | junior | original |
Morrhua americana Storer, 1839 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus callarias kildinensis Derjugin, 1920 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus morhua kildinensis Derjugin, 1920 | synonym | junior | change in species |
Gadus callarias hiemalis Taliev, 1931 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius, 1810 | accepted | senior | original |
Gadus callarias macrocephalus Tilesius, 1810 | synonym | senior | change in rank |
Gadus morhua macrocephalus Tilesius, 1810 | synonym | senior | change in rank |
Gadus pygmaeus Pallas, 1814 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus ogac Richardson, 1836 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus morhua ogac Richardson, 1836 | synonym | senior | change in rank |
Gadus ovak Reinhardt, 1837 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus ogat Krøyer, 1847 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus auratus Cope, 1873 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus brandtii Hilgendorf, 1875 | synonym | junior | original |
! Gadus brandti Hilgendorf, 1876 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus morhua (non Linnaeus, 1758) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Eleginus navaga (non Kölreuter, 1770) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied |
Gadus morhua marisalbi (non Derjugin, 1920) | misapplied | misapplied | change in species |
Gadus chalcogrammus Pallas, 1814 | accepted | senior | original |
Pollachius chalcogrammus (Pallas, 1814) | synonym | senior | new |
Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas, 1814) | synonym | senior | new |
Theragra chalcogramma chalcogramma (Pallas, 1814) | synonym | senior | new |
! Theracra chalcogramma (Pallas, 1814) | synonym | senior | new |
! Theragra chalcogrammus (Pallas, 1814) | synonym | senior | new |
! Theragra chalcogrammus chalcogrammus (Pallas, 1814) | synonym | senior | new |
Gadus periscopus Cope, 1873 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus minor Döderlein, 1887 | synonym | junior | original |
Pollachius chalcogrammus fucensis Jordan & Gilbert, 1893 | synonym | junior | original |
Theragra fucensis (Jordan & Gilbert, 1893) | synonym | junior | new |
Gadus finnmarchicus (Koefoed, 1956) | provisionally accepted | senior | new |
Theragra finnmarchica Koefoed, 1956 | synonym | senior | original |
! Theragra finmarchica Koefoed, 1956 | synonym | senior | original |
Gadiculus argenteus Guichenot, 1850 | accepted | senior | original |
Gadiculus argenteus argenteus Guichenot, 1850 | synonym | senior | change in rank |
Merlangus argenteus (Guichenot, 1850) | synonym | senior | new |
! Cadiculus argenteus Guichenot, 1850 | synonym | senior | original |
Gadiculus thori Schmidt, 1913 | accepted | senior | original |
Gadiculus argenteus thori Schmidt, 1913 | synonym | senior | change in rank |
Gadiculus argenteus (non Guichenot, 1850) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new |
Gadus merlangus Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original |
Gadus merlangus merlangus Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | change in rank |
Merlangius merlangus merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
Odontogadus merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
Odontogadus merlangus merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
! Merlangius merlangius (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
! Merlangus merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
Merlangus vulgaris Fleming, 1828 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus euxinus Nordmann, 1840 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus merlangus euxinus Nordmann, 1840 | synonym | junior | change in rank |
Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Nordmann, 1840) | synonym | junior | new |
Odontogadus merlangus euxinus (Nordmann, 1840) | synonym | junior | new |
! Merlangus merlangus euxinus (Nordmann, 1840) | synonym | junior | new |
Merlangus linnei Malm, 1877 | synonym | junior | original |
Eleginus nawaga (Walbaum, 1792) | accepted | senior | new |
Gadus nawaga Walbaum, 1792 | synonym | senior | original |
Gadus callarias nawaga Walbaum, 1792 | synonym | senior | change in rank |
! Eleginus navaga (Walbaum, 1792) | synonym | senior | new |
! Eleginus navaga navaga (Walbaum, 1792) | synonym | senior | new |
! Gadus navaga Walbaum, 1792 | synonym | senior | change in rank |
Gadus nawaga Koelreuter, 1770 | ambiguous | other | original |
! Eleginus navaga karaensis Essipov, 1941 | synonym | junior | original |
Eleginus nawaga karaensis Essipov, 1941 | synonym | junior | original |
Eleginus gracilis (Tilesius, 1810) | accepted | senior | new |
Gadus gracilis Tilesius, 1810 | synonym | senior | original |
Eleginus navaga gracilis (Tilesius, 1810) | synonym | senior | new |
Gadus wachna Pallas, 1814 | synonym | junior | original |
Trisopterus luscus (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new |
Gadus luscus Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original |
Gadulus luscus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
Morhua lusca (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
Trisopterus luscus luscus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
Gadus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | junior | original |
Morhua barbata Fleming, 1828 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus colias Gronow, 1854 | synonym | junior | original |
Trisopterus minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new |
Gadus minutus Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original |
Brachygadus minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
Gadulus minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
Trisopterus minutus minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
! Trisopterus minutes (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
Gadus tacaud Lacepède, 1800 | synonym | junior | original |
Morua capelanus Risso, 1827 | synonym | junior | original |
Trisopterus capelanus (Lacepède, 1800) | accepted | senior | new |
Gadus capelanus Lacepède, 1800 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus minutus capelanus (Lacepède, 1800) | synonym | senior | change in rank |
Trisopterus luscus capelanus (Lacepède, 1800) | synonym | senior | new |
Trisopterus minutus capelanus (Lacepède, 1800) | synonym | senior | new |
Trisopterus esmarkii (Nilsson, 1855) | accepted | senior | new |
Gadus esmarkii Nilsson, 1855 | synonym | senior | original |
! Boreogadus esmarki (Nilsson, 1855) | synonym | senior | new |
! Trisopterus esmarki (Nilsson, 1855) | synonym | senior | new |
Pollachius pollachius (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new |
Gadus pollachius Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original |
Merlangus pollachius (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
Gadus lycostomus Faber, 1828 | synonym | junior | original |
Pollachius typus Bonaparte, 1846 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus viridis Gronow, 1854 | synonym | junior | original |
Pollachius linnei Malm, 1877 | synonym | junior | original |
Pollachius virens (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new |
Gadus virens Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original |
Merlangus virens (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
! Polachius virens (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | junior | new |
Gadus carbonarius Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | junior | original |
Merlangus carbonarius (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | junior | new |
Pollachius carbonarius (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | junior | new |
Gadus colinus Lacepède, 1800 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus sey Lacepède, 1800 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus purpureus Mitchill, 1814 | synonym | junior | original |
Merlangus purpureus (Mitchill, 1814) | synonym | junior | new |
Boreogadus saida (Lepechin, 1774) | accepted | senior | new |
Gadus saida Lepechin, 1774 | synonym | senior | original |
Merlangus polaris Sabine, 1824 | synonym | junior | original |
Boreogadus polaris (Sabine, 1824) | synonym | junior | new |
Pollachius polaris (Sabine, 1824) | synonym | junior | new |
Gadus fabricii Richardson, 1836 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus agilis Reinhardt, 1837 | synonym | junior | original |
Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new |
Gadus aeglefinus Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original |
Morhua aeglefinus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
! Melanogrammes aeglefinus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
Aeglefinus linnei Malm, 1877 | synonym | junior | original |
Micromesistius poutassou (Risso, 1827) | accepted | senior | new |
Merlangus poutassou Risso, 1827 | synonym | senior | original |
Boreogadus poutassou (Risso, 1827) | synonym | senior | new |
Gadus poutassou (Risso, 1827) | synonym | senior | new |
! Gadus potassoa (Risso, 1827) | synonym | junior | new |
! Micromessistius poutassou (Risso, 1827) | synonym | senior | new |
Merlangus vernalis Risso, 1827 | synonym | junior | original |
Merlangus pertusus Cocco, 1829 | synonym | junior | original |
! Merlangus pertusis Cocco, 1829 | synonym | junior | original |
Merlangus albus Yarrell, 1841 | synonym | junior | original |
Merlangus communis Costa, 1844 | ambiguous | questionable | original |
Gadus melanostomus Nilsson, 1855 | synonym | junior | original |
Micromesistius australis Norman, 1937 | accepted | senior | original |
Micromesistius australis australis Norman, 1937 | synonym | senior | change in rank |
Micromesistius australis pallidus Inada & Nakamura, 1975 | synonym | junior | original |
Microgadus proximus (Girard, 1854) | accepted | senior | new |
Gadus proximus Girard, 1854 | synonym | senior | original |
! Morrhua proxima (Girard, 1854) | synonym | senior | new |
Morrhua californica Ayres, 1854 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus californicus (Ayres, 1854) | synonym | junior | new |
Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum, 1792) | accepted | senior | new |
Gadus tomcod Walbaum, 1792 | synonym | senior | original |
! Gadus tomcodus Walbaum, 1792 | synonym | senior | original |
! Morrhua tomcodus (Walbaum, 1792) | synonym | senior | new |
Gadus frost Walbaum, 1792 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus pruinosus Mitchill, 1814 | synonym | junior | original |
Morrhua pruinosa (Mitchill, 1814) | synonym | junior | New |
Gadus tomcodus fuscus Mitchill, 1814 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus tomcod fuscus Mitchill, 1814 | synonym | junior | original |
! Gadus tomcodus luteus Mitchill, 1814 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus tomcod luteus Mitchill, 1814 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus tomcodus mixtus Mitchill, 1814 | synonym | junior | original |
Gadus tomcodus polymorphus Mitchill, 1815 | ambiguous | other | original |
Gadus polymorphus Mitchill, 1815 | ambiguous | other | change in rank |
Arctogadus glacialis (Peters, 1872) | accepted | senior | new |
Gadus glacialis Peters, 1872 | synonym | senior | original |
Arctogadus borisovi Dryagin, 1932 | synonym | junior | original |
Boreogadus pearyi Nichols & Maxwell, 1933 | synonym | junior | original |
Phocaegadus megalops Jensen, 1948 | synonym | junior | original |