Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien; brak water demersaal; diepte 0 - 60 m (Ref. 9294), usually 0 - 28 m (Ref. 9294). Tropical; 33°N - 5°S, 116°W - 76°W (Ref. 56830)
Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Peru.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 26.5 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 124487); common length : 21.0 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 9294); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 166.13 g (Ref. 124487)
Korte beschrijving
Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 98 - 109; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 82 - 92; Wervels: 52 - 57. Body flat and elongated, with an oval anterior border; both eyes on left side; dorsal fin with 98 to 109 rays; anal fin with 82 to 92 rays; caudal fin with 12 rays; body light to dark brown, usually with 6 to 8 transverse bars of contrasting color; lower half operculum on the eyed side with a large dark stain; dorsal and anal fins progressively darker distally (Ref. 55763).
Common over muddy bottoms in estuaries and mangroves (Ref. 9294).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven
Munroe, T.A., F. Krupp and M. Schneider, 1995. Cynoglossidae. Lenguas, lenguetas. p. 1039-1059. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9294)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van minder commercieel belang
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Internetbronnen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.5 - 28.5, mean 25.1 °C (based on 102 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.00647 - 0.03228), b=3.05 (2.85 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 1.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Hoog, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd minder dan 15 maanden (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).