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> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Cynoglossidae (Tonguefishes) > Symphurinae
Etymology: Symphurus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Jordan & Bollman.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser riff-verbunden; tiefenbereich 1 - 200 m (Ref. 37955), usually 1 - 80 m (Ref. 9294). Tropical; 33°N - 8°S, 158°W - 7°W (Ref. 56829)

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Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California and Bahía Magdalena, Mexico to Peru, including the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 9294).

Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 14.4 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 9294); common length : 12.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 9294)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 89 - 98; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 75 - 82; Wirbelzahl: 49 - 53.

Found over a variety of substrates (Ref. 9294). Small specimens may be taken from tide pools and other shallow habitats (Ref. 9294). Feeds mainly on small benthic invertebrates (Ref. 28023).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Fortpflanzung | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

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Munroe, T.A., F. Krupp and M. Schneider, 1995. Cynoglossidae. Lenguas, lenguetas. p. 1039-1059. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9294)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)

nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 30 October 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

Harmless

Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: weniger kommerziell

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 17 - 28.9, mean 24.5 °C (based on 216 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.00647 - 0.03228), b=3.05 (2.85 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.

Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179): hoch, Verdopplung der Population dauert weniger als 15 Monate. (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 95.9 [36.6, 184.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.689 [0.311, 1.229] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.1, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.104 [0.052, 0.209] g/100g; Selenium = 40.2 [19.7, 82.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 68.5 [17.3, 289.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.25 [0.81, 1.84] mg/100g (wet weight);

Symphurus atramentatus Jordan & Bollman, 1890