Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina; brackvatten bottenlevande; ej vandrande; djupintervall 0 - 200 m (Ref. 58496). Temperate; 72°N - 35°N, 24°W - 33°E
Eastern Atlantic: Iceland, the Shetlands, from Murmansk southward to Portugal, also Baltic Sea northward to Gulf of Finland and northern Mediterranean coasts eastward to Gulf of Genoa.
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 17.5 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3397); 25.0 cm SL (female); common length : 12.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3397)
Longest spine on the front gill cover reaches backwards to a point below the foremost part of the dorsal fin. Gill membranes joined to the throat, no bony knobs above or under the rough lateral line (Ref. 35388).
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); A resident intertidal species with homing behavior (Ref. 32612). Inhabits tide pools and inshore waters on rocky bottoms or among algae at 0-30 m. Can leave tide pools when conditions become inhospitable (Ref. 31184). Feeds on mysids, amphipods (gammarids), decapods, polychaetes, mollusks, ophiuroids and fishes. Breathes air when out of water (Ref. 31184). Information on maximum length for male taken from Ref. 4698.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver
Fedorov, V.V., 1986. Cottidae. p. 1243-1260. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 3. (Ref. 4698)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: saknar intresse; Akvarium: Offentliga akvarier
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7 - 11.9, mean 9.5 °C (based on 421 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00389 - 0.01621), b=3.12 (2.95 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.52 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (K=0.21-.025).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 75.1 [30.9, 174.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.399 [0.190, 0.842] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [15.9, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 1.18 [0.50, 3.33] g/100g; Selenium = 11.2 [5.3, 26.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26.9 [9.5, 74.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.854 [0.567, 1.511] mg/100g (wet weight);
