Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien; diepte 0 - ? m. Tropical; 32°N - 4°N
Eastern Central Pacific: Gulf of California to Panama, including Cocos Island.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 134 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 40637); common length : 80.0 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 9279); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 9.9 kg (Ref. 40637)
Korte beschrijving
Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 18 - 22; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 17 - 18; Wervels: 67 - 72.
Generally found in coastal waters, but may also be found offshore (Ref. 9279). Feeds mainly on small fishes (Ref. 9279). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs may be found attached to objects in the water by tendrils on the egg's surface (Ref. 205). Marketed fresh and salted (Ref. 9279).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven
Collette, B.B., 1995. Belonidae. Agujones, maraos. p. 919-926. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9279)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Traumatogenic (Ref. 9279)
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel; sportvis: ja
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.2 - 28.6, mean 27.6 °C (based on 30 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00112 (0.00043 - 0.00289), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (80 of 100).