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Urotrygon munda Gill, 1863

Munda round ray
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Urotrygon munda   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Urotrygon munda (Munda round ray)
Urotrygon munda
Picture by Robertson, R.

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Elasmobranchii 板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Urotrygonidae (American round stingrays)
Etymology: Urotrygon: Greek, oura = tail + Greek, trygon = a sting ray (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Gill.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 4 - 51 m (Ref. 96339). 熱帶; 14°N - 2°S, 92°W - 78°W

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Eastern Central Pacific: central America.
中太平洋東部: 中美洲。

大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 28.8 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9265); common length : 22.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9265)

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Benthic in coastal waters over soft bottoms.

底棲於在軟質底部上的沿岸水域。

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚

中太平洋東部: 中美洲。

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

McEachran, J.D., 1995. Urolophidae. Rayas redondas. p. 786-792. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9265)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  近危 (NT) (A2d); Date assessed: 24 February 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  有毒的





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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 24.5 - 28.7, mean 27.6 °C (based on 20 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5001   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.00575 - 0.03468), b=3.07 (2.86 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  3.7   ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Assuming fecundity<100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low vulnerability (19 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 66 [16, 326] mg/100g; Iron = 0.911 [0.240, 2.647] mg/100g; Protein = 20.7 [15.6, 25.8] %; Omega3 = 0.185 [0.049, 0.564] g/100g; Selenium = 29.1 [8.1, 89.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 32.7 [10.6, 94.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.41 [0.67, 2.64] mg/100g (wet weight);