Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas demersal; intervalo de profundidade 0 - 700 m (Ref. 106604). Subtropical; 10°N - 40°S, 95°W - 70°W (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Pacific: From Costa Rica to Chile, and Galapagos Is. (Ref. 130539).
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 114953)
Lives on the continental shelf, usually in very shallow waters. Feeds on invertebrates and benthic fishes. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Maturity size of males usually at ca. 40 cm TL (Ref. 114953). The electric organs can produce a discharge of about 45 volts, depending on the size of the animal. The discharge is used to stun prey and as defense against predators.
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
McEachran, J.D., 1995. Torpedinidae. Tembladeras, tremolinas. p. 784-785. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9264)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: sem interesse
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.00659 - 0.03318), b=2.97 (2.78 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Muito baixo(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população maior que 14 anos (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 18.8 [3.8, 89.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.691 [0.177, 2.037] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [13.9, 21.7] %; Omega3 = 0.428 [0.181, 0.942] g/100g; Selenium = 28.9 [9.4, 83.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11 [4, 34] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.562 [0.275, 1.039] mg/100g (wet weight);
