Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; djupintervall 20 - 200 m (Ref. 9563). Temperate; 29°S - 47°S, 113°E - 176°W
Indo-West Pacific: New Zealand and Australia (southern Western Australia to New South Wales and Tasmania).
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 31.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9563); common length : 25.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9258)
Short description
Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 2; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 32 - 38; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 31 - 36. Scales small with numerous tiny spinules, prominent first dorsal spine above eyes (Ref. 9002).
Inhabits rocky weedy areas from the shore to at least 60 m. Generally solitary but may aggregate in groups of 10-15 individuals in midwater. Feeds mainly on sessile and encrusting organisms, with sponges and ascidians predominating (Ref. 26966); also seen feeding mid-water on zooplankton and likes to bite diver's fingers (Ref. 9002).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver
Armitage, R.O., D.A. Payne, G.J. Lockley, H.M. Currie, R.L. Colban, B.G. Lamb and L.J. Paul (eds.), 1994. Guide book to New Zealand commercial fish species. Revised edition. New Zealand Fishing Industry Board, Wellington, New Zealand, 216 p. (Ref. 9258)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: kommersiell
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.4 - 17.7, mean 15.1 °C (based on 141 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02754 (0.01477 - 0.05134), b=2.97 (2.81 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (Assuming tm=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 41.5 [15.2, 109.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.449 [0.177, 1.129] mg/100g; Protein = 17.6 [15.4, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.513 [0.213, 1.138] g/100g; Selenium = 16.3 [7.8, 39.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.37 [2.08, 35.20] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.54 [0.36, 0.88] mg/100g (wet weight);
