Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; djupintervall 27 - 49 m (Ref. 58489). Temperate
Southwest Pacific: New Zealand.
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 91.4 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 93092); common length : 90.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9258); publicerad maxvikt: 1.8 kg (Ref. 9258); rapporterad maxålder: 21 år (Ref. 47622)
Inhabits shallow waters, generally at depth of less than 50 m. Juveniles gather in sheltered inshore waters, such as estuarine areas, shallow mudflats and sandflats, where they remain for up to two years (Ref. 9072).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver
Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989. New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja
Verktyg
Special reports
Download XML
Internet-källor
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.2 - 18.2, mean 16.6 °C (based on 11 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01820 (0.00786 - 0.04213), b=2.97 (2.76 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (57 of 100).