Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien demersaal; diepte 22 - 100 m (Ref. 58489). Temperate
Southwest Pacific: New Zealand.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 43.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 93092); common length : 30.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 9258)
Inhabits shallow waters, generally at depth of less than 50 m, and to around 100 m (Ref. 9258). to . Juveniles gather in sheltered inshore waters, such as estuarine areas, shallow mudflats and sandflats, where they remain for up to two years (Ref. 9072).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven
Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989. New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel; sportvis: ja
Tools
Speciale rapporten
Download XML
Internetbronnen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10 - 18.2, mean 14.4 °C (based on 39 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.00671 - 0.03258), b=2.92 (2.71 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 4.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (tmax=6; k=0.23-0.78).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).