Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino demersale; distribuzione batimetrica 60 - 150 m (Ref. 27569). Subtropical; 23°S -
Southwest Atlantic: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to Golfo Nuevo, Argentina (Ref. 27569). Reported from the Mediterranean through introductions probably by ballast waters (Ref. 43448).
Length at first maturity / Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm 15.2, range 14 - 20.5 cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 27569); common length : 24.3 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. )
Spine dorsali (totale) : 7; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 26 - 27; Spine anali: 0; Raggi anali molli: 25.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve
Rosa, I.L. and R.S. Rosa, 1997. Systematic revision of the South American species of Pinguipedidae (Teleostei, Trachinoidei). Revta Bras. Zool. 14(4):845-865. (Ref. 27569)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: di nessun interesse
Strumenti
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 4.4 - 10.1, mean 7.9 °C (based on 91 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00741 (0.00468 - 0.01175), b=3.12 (2.99 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.29 se; based on food items.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 63.1 [37.0, 109.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.876 [0.537, 1.429] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [16.1, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.218 [0.134, 0.343] g/100g; Selenium = 37.3 [19.8, 66.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.52 [3.39, 26.53] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.695 [0.506, 0.959] mg/100g (wet weight);
