Ambiente: milieu / zona climatica / distribuzione batimetrica / gamma di distribuzione
Ecologia
marino demersale; distribuzione batimetrica 30 - 600 m (Ref. 58489). Temperate; 34°S - 52°S, 158°E - 174°W
Southwest Pacific: endemic to New Zealand.
Lunghezza alla prima maturità / Dimensione / Peso / Età
Maturità: Lm 47.5, range 45 - 50 cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 9988); common length : 46.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 9049); Età massima riportata: 20 anni (Ref. 9072)
Breve descrizione
Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria
Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 17 - 19; Raggi anali molli: 17 - 18; Vertebre: 33 - 34. This species is distinguished by the following characters: D 17-19; A 17-18; vertebrae 33-34; body rather elongate, tapering from a moderately broad, flat, bony head (width 1.1-1.4 times its length) covered with tiny blunt spines in juveniles to low radiating ridges in adults; small eyes directed upwards; bony orbital rim separated medially by naked rectangular space; mouth large, vertical, with several prominent canines between smaller canines; chin smooth; lips with short ridge-like crenulations; ventral margin of preopercle with four spine-like processes; anterior end of isthmus with a pair of prominent forward directed spines; prominent cleithral spine sheathed with skin above pectoral fin base; gill rakers on first arch 14-17, in the form of patches of fine teeth, patches narrow, teeth in three or four rows, innermost row rather long; no scales; lateral line pores in skin high on side close to base of dorsal fin; dorsal fin low, elongate, its base 67-82% of predorsal length; pectoral fins huge, fan-like; pelvic fins moderately large, length 20-25% SL (Ref. 86516).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Reported from depths between 30 m (Ref. 58489) and 600 m (Ref. 9258). Buries in sea bed until suitable prey passes by. Utilized fresh and frozen; can be steamed, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).
Ciclo vitale e comportamento di accoppiamento
Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecondità | Larve
Armitage, R.O., D.A. Payne, G.J. Lockley, H.M. Currie, R.L. Colban, B.G. Lamb and L.J. Paul (eds.), 1994. Guide book to New Zealand commercial fish species. Revised edition. New Zealand Fishing Industry Board, Wellington, New Zealand, 216 p. (Ref. 9258)
Stato della Lista Rossa IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Minaccia per l'uomo
Harmless
Usi umani
Pesca: commerciale
Strumenti
Rapporti speciali
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Fonti Internet
Stime basate su modelli
Temperatura preferita (Fonte Biblio.
123201): 7.8 - 14.3, mean 11.2 °C (based on 62 cells).
Indice di diversità filogenetica (Fonte Biblio.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.00648 - 0.02335), b=3.02 (2.85 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Livello trofico (Fonte Biblio.
69278): 4.2 ±0.58 se; based on food items.
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio.
120179): Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (tm=3; tmax=20; K=0.1-0.2;).
Prior r = 0.34, 95% CL = 0.22 - 0.51, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Vulnerabilità della pesca (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
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Vulnerabilità climatica (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100).
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Nutrienti (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 20.6 [14.1, 37.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.324 [0.212, 0.523] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.9, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.679 [0.432, 1.032] g/100g; Selenium = 20.5 [11.4, 37.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.4 [5.6, 49.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.368 [0.278, 0.500] mg/100g (wet weight);