Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 20 - 50 m (Ref. 28016). 熱帶
Indo-west Pacific: Mozambique and Madagascar to Sri Lanka, the east coast of India, Bangladesh, Myanmar to Sumatra (Ref. 56505).
印度-西太平洋: 莫三比克與馬達加斯加到斯里蘭卡, 印度東海岸，孟加拉，緬甸到蘇門答臘.(參考文獻 56505)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 85.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 114032); 最大體重: 1.4 kg (Ref. 4883)
臀鰭軟條: 14 - 16. It has a prominent lateral ethmoid that forms a "shelf" between the eye and the nostrils (Ref. 56505), two pairs of vomerine toothpletes (Ref. 56505), and a very short adipose-fin base (Ref. 56505). Body dark brown, lower surfaces completely covered with fine brown pigment specks (Ref. 3976).
身體深褐色的, 下表面完全地覆蓋著細的褐色有顏色斑點了.(參考文獻 3976) 有一個在鼻孔與眼之間的突出突起。
Found along the coast (Ref. 5213). Enters the lower parts of rivers of the east coast of Africa (Ref. 3876). Feeds on invertebrates and small fishes. Marketed fresh and dried-salted (Ref. 3290). Males incubate eggs in its mouth(Ref. 68964). Air bladder utilized for isinglass.
發現沿著海岸了。 (參考文獻 5213) 進入非洲東岸的河的下面部份。 (參考文獻 3876) 吃無脊椎動物與小魚。 在市場上銷售生鮮或乾漬了。 (參考文獻 3290) 氣鰾用來做魚膠。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋: 莫三比克與馬達加斯加到斯里蘭卡, 印度東海岸，孟加拉，緬甸到蘇門答臘.(參考文獻 56505)
Jayaram, K.C., 1984. Ariidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 1. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3290)
人類使用
工具
特別的報告
下載 XML
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.1 - 28.7, mean 27.4 °C (based on 76 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00454 - 0.01390), b=3.04 (2.89 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.62 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tmax=7; k=0.16-0.7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
