Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; المياه العذبة; مياه مخلوطة القاع; نطاق العمق 20 - 50 m (Ref. 28016). Tropical
Indo-west Pacific: Mozambique and Madagascar to Sri Lanka, the east coast of India, Bangladesh, Myanmar to Sumatra (Ref. 56505).
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 85.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 114032); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 1.4 kg (Ref. 4883)
أشعه شرجية لينه: 14 - 16. It has a prominent lateral ethmoid that forms a "shelf" between the eye and the nostrils (Ref. 56505), two pairs of vomerine toothpletes (Ref. 56505), and a very short adipose-fin base (Ref. 56505). Body dark brown, lower surfaces completely covered with fine brown pigment specks (Ref. 3976).
Found along the coast (Ref. 5213). Enters the lower parts of rivers of the east coast of Africa (Ref. 3876). Feeds on invertebrates and small fishes. Marketed fresh and dried-salted (Ref. 3290). Males incubate eggs in its mouth(Ref. 68964). Air bladder utilized for isinglass.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Jayaram, K.C., 1984. Ariidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 1. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3290)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
خطر للأنسان
Traumatogenic (Ref. 58010)
استخدامات بشرية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.1 - 28.7, mean 27.4 °C (based on 76 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00454 - 0.01390), b=3.04 (2.89 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.62 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (tmax=7; k=0.16-0.7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
