分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Beloniformes (Needle fishes)
頜針魚目 (Needle fishes) >
Hemiramphidae (Halfbeaks)
鱵科 (Halfbeaks)
Etymology: Hyporhamphus: Greek, hypo = under + Greek, rhamphos = beak, bill (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Steindachner.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水; 深度上下限 0 - 20 m (Ref. 6390). 溫帶; 28°S - 37°S
Southwest Pacific: eastern Australia from Moreton Bay, Queensland to Eden, New South Wales, including Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands.
西南太平洋: 從昆士蘭省的摩瑞頓灣到伊甸園的澳洲東部，新南威爾斯, 包括羅得豪島與諾福克島。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 39.8 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 10988)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 15 - 17; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 17 - 20; 脊椎骨: 56 - 58. Preorbital canal with a posterior branch. Relatively longer jaws, especially at larger sizes. Gill rakers usually 34 or more in the first arch and usually 27 or more on the second arch.
眶前管具有一個在後部的分支。 相對較長的顎, 尤其較大時。 鰓耙通常在第一個弓中的 34個或更多與通常在第二個弓上的 27個或更多。
Found in sheltered bays, clear coastal waters and sometimes in estuaries (Ref. 27012). Generally herbivorous. Feed mainly on seagrasses and algal filaments (Ref. 26551, 27013). Eastern sea garfish also consume a high proportion of crustaceans (Ref. 27013). A schooling fish, found generally near the surface at night and close to the sea floor over seagrass beds during the day (Ref. 6390). They are being preyed upon by mulloway (Argyrosomus hololepidotus) and tailor (Pomatomus saltatrix), as well as coastal water birds. No studies have been reported on the spawning of this species (Ref. 6390).
發現於掩蔽的海灣，清澈的沿岸水域了與有時在河口.(參考文獻 27012) 通常食草的。 主要捕食海草與海藻的絲狀突起。 (參考文獻 26551,27013) 東方海洋長嘴硬鱗魚也消費甲殼動物的高比例。 (參考文獻 27013) 一個群游性魚, 通常發現晚上接近水表面處而且接近在海草床上的海洋底部在白天期間。 (參考文獻 6390) 他們被石首魚 ( Argyrosomus hololepidotus) 與裁縫師 ( 扁鰺〔Pomatomus saltatrix〕 ) 捕食, 以及海岸水域鳥。 沒有研究曾經在這種的魚卵上報告。 (參考文獻 6390)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Viviparous.西南太平洋: 從昆士蘭省的摩瑞頓灣到伊甸園的澳洲東部，新南威爾斯, 包括羅得豪島與諾福克島。
Collette, B.B., 1974. The garfishes (Hemiramphidae) of Australia and New Zealand. Records of the Australian Museum 29(2):11-105. (Ref. 10988)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18 - 23.4, mean 20.7 °C (based on 55 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00257 (0.00115 - 0.00574), b=3.09 (2.91 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.6 ±0.25 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).
