Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
বাস্তুসংস্থান
সামুদ্রিক; স্বাদু পানি; ঈষৎ লোনা তলদেশ বিহারী; গভীরতার পরিসীমা 0 - 100 m (Ref. 6871). Tropical; 28°N - 32°S, 76°E - 165°E (Ref. 114953)
Indo-West Pacific: Thailand to New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, south to Australia. Records from the south coast of India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Myanmar need confirmation.
Length at first maturity / আকৃতি / ওজন / Age
Maturity: Lm 165.0, range 150 - 180 cm
Max length : 270 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 9909)
Occurs inshore and offshore, from the intertidal to offshore continental and insular shelves (Ref. 9909). Adults are found offshore waters while young individuals are found inshore on sand flats, around atolls, and in mangrove swamps (Ref. 6871). Feeds on shellfish, mainly on prawns and crabs (Ref. 9909, Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Maturity size at 150-180 cm TL; born at 38-40 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Reported to live and breed permanently in fresh water (Ref. 6871). Probably the major commercial guitarfish in the Western Central Pacific (Ref. 9909). Caught regularly by demersal tangle net fisheries operating throughout the area. Utilized for its meat, fins (both very high value), skin and cartilage (Ref.58048). Reported to attain a maximum length of 4 m (Ref. 58784).
Life cycle and mating behavior
পরিপক্কতা | প্রজনন | ডিম ছাড়া | ডিমসমূহ | ডিম্বধারন ক্ষমতা | শুককীট
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Born at 38-40 cm TL (Ref.58048).
Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens, 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Human uses
মৎস্য: গৌণ বাণিজ্যিক ; মৎস্যাধার / এ্যাকুয়ারিয়াম : বাণিজ্যিক
হাতিয়ার
Special reports
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ইন্টারনেট সুত্র
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.7 - 29, mean 28 °C (based on 1126 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00141 - 0.01074), b=3.05 (2.82 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ট্রফিক পর্যায়ে (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
স্থিতিস্থাপক (Ref.
120179): নিম্ন/ , সর্বনিম্ন প্রজন দ্বিগুনের সময় ৪.৪-১৪ বৎসর (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
