Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
বাস্তুসংস্থান
সামুদ্রিক; ঈষৎ লোনা তলদেশ বিহারী; গভীরতার পরিসীমা 15 - 170 m. Temperate; 46°N - 10°N, 98°W - 60°W
Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia in Canada to central Florida in USA. Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 26938).
আকৃতি / ওজন / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 38.0 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 7251); common length : 30.0 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 3822)
Occurs on sandy bottom. Feeds on shrimps, crabs, other crustaceans, squid, bivalves and small fishes. Produces loud, drumming sound by vibrating its swim bladder (Ref. 9988). Used both for food and fish meal; other uses include bait for lobster traps and flatfish, handlines, pet food and fertilizer. Utilized fresh and frozen; also used for caviar ; can be broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | প্রজনন | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | শুককীট
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
মৎস্য: গৌণ বাণিজ্যিক ; স্পশর্ী : occasionally
হাতিয়ার
Special reports
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ইন্টারনেট সুত্র
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 6.4 - 24.7, mean 18.9 °C (based on 85 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00513 (0.00262 - 0.01005), b=3.19 (3.01 - 3.37), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
ট্রফিক পর্যায়ে (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
স্থিতিস্থাপক (Ref.
120179): মাধ্যম , সর্বনিম্ন প্রজন দ্বিগুনের সময় ১.৪-৪.৪ বৎসর (K=0.3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 49.7 [26.9, 103.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.418 [0.221, 0.752] mg/100g; Protein = 16.6 [14.1, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.686 [0.305, 1.832] g/100g; Selenium = 14.8 [7.1, 33.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 22.9 [8.7, 63.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.571 [0.403, 0.805] mg/100g (wet weight);
