Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino demersale; distribuzione batimetrica 5 - 185 m. Subtropical; 37°N - 20°N, 98°W - 74°W
Western Atlantic: North Carolina to Georgia in the USA and the Gulf of Mexico (from northern Florida to Yucatan).
Length at first maturity / Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm 10.8, range 9 - 12.5 cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 7251); common length : 15.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 3815)
Found mainly on mud bottoms.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: scarso interesse commerciale
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.4 - 26.8, mean 23.8 °C (based on 120 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00645 - 0.02141), b=3.03 (2.87 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (tmax probably >3; tm=1).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 126 [71, 262] mg/100g; Iron = 1.48 [0.81, 2.70] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [18.7, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.452 [0.294, 0.735] g/100g; Selenium = 31.2 [15.2, 58.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.25 [2.96, 27.30] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.822 [0.572, 1.178] mg/100g (wet weight);