Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino demersale; non migratori; distribuzione batimetrica 1 - 22 m (Ref. 89891). Tropical; 30°N - 24°N, 98°W - 80°W
Western Central Atlantic: southern Florida to Louisiana in the USA. Also in eastern Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 26938).
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 7251); common length : 20.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 3815)
Usually has dark spot (larger than pupil) on lateral line just behind gill opening.
Occurs in sea grass beds from near shore to at least 22 m. Small individuals have been known to form small aggregations. Feeds primarily on invertebrates. Marketed mostly fresh and frozen (Ref. 9739).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: commerciale; esca: occasionally
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.4 - 26.7, mean 24.7 °C (based on 121 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02291 (0.01059 - 0.04956), b=2.95 (2.78 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 193 [96, 355] mg/100g; Iron = 1.2 [0.6, 2.4] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [17.2, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.185 [0.106, 0.336] g/100g; Selenium = 37.4 [17.9, 78.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.7 [5.0, 62.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.16 [0.76, 1.73] mg/100g (wet weight);