分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Lonchurus: Greek, logche = lance + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 ? - 25 m (Ref. 5217). 熱帶
Western Atlantic: Colombia (Ref. 5217) to Brazil.
西大西洋: 哥倫比亞 (參考文獻 5217) 到巴西。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 32.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9626); common length : 27.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3702)
背棘 (总数) : 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 32 - 34; 臀棘: 2; 臀鳍软条: 7. Colour dark greyish above, yellowish to pale below. Pectoral fins long and jet black. Tips of pelvic and anal fins dark. Inside of gill cover black. Eye small, about 8 to 9 times in head length. Mouth small, inferior, enclosed under snout. Chin with 5 pores and many barbels, 3 to 4 pairs in a tuft around median mental pore, 15 or 16 pairs along median edges of lower jaws and subopercles. Pectoral fins greatly enlarged, extending beyond anal-fin base. Gas bladder narrow, about equal to head length, bearing anteriorly 2 pairs of appendages, anterior pair short and horn-like, lateral pair long, tube-like, extends to posterior end of gas bladder (Ref 51721).
颜色深色的略灰色的上方, 淡黄色的到腹面灰白的。 胸鳍长的与墨黑色。 腹鳍与臀鳍的顶端深色的。 在鳃盖黑色之内。 眼小的, 大约 8 到 9 倍头长。 嘴小的﹐下方的, 在吻下面封闭的。 下巴有 5个孔与许多触须, 在中央的神经孔附近的一个簇中的 3 到 4 对, 15 或者 16 对沿着下颚与子鳃盖的中央边缘。 胸鳍明显增大, 延伸超过臀鳍基底。 气鳔狭窄的, 大约等于头长,生长着前面 2 对附肢, 前面的对短与像触角一样又侧面的对长的﹐管状的, 延伸到气鳔 (参考文献 51721) 的後端.
Found over mud or mud-sand bottoms of estuaries and adjacent areas (Ref. 5217). Feeds on bottom-dwelling organisms, mainly worms. Marketed fresh and salted.
发现在泥或河口与毗连的区域泥-沙底部上了。 (参考文献 5217) 吃底栖的生物, 主要地蠕虫。 在市场上销售生鲜地了与盐腌的。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 哥倫比亞 (參考文獻 5217) 到巴西。
Chao, L.N., 1978. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Volume 4. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3702)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 27 - 28.3, mean 27.5 °C (based on 362 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00413 - 0.01752), b=3.08 (2.91 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.31 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).
