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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Lonchurus: Greek, logche = lance + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي; لب شور نزديك كف زي; تغييرات عمق ? - 25 m (Ref. 5217). Tropical
Western Atlantic: Colombia (Ref. 5217) to Brazil.
Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 32.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 9626); common length : 27.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 3702)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 11; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 32 - 34; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 2; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 7. Colour dark greyish above, yellowish to pale below. Pectoral fins long and jet black. Tips of pelvic and anal fins dark. Inside of gill cover black. Eye small, about 8 to 9 times in head length. Mouth small, inferior, enclosed under snout. Chin with 5 pores and many barbels, 3 to 4 pairs in a tuft around median mental pore, 15 or 16 pairs along median edges of lower jaws and subopercles. Pectoral fins greatly enlarged, extending beyond anal-fin base. Gas bladder narrow, about equal to head length, bearing anteriorly 2 pairs of appendages, anterior pair short and horn-like, lateral pair long, tube-like, extends to posterior end of gas bladder (Ref 51721).
Found over mud or mud-sand bottoms of estuaries and adjacent areas (Ref. 5217). Feeds on bottom-dwelling organisms, mainly worms. Marketed fresh and salted.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | تولید مثل | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | توزاد ( لارو)
Chao, L.N., 1978. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Volume 4. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3702)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: ارزش تحاري اندك
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 27 - 28.3, mean 27.5 °C (based on 362 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00413 - 0.01752), b=3.08 (2.91 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.31 se; based on food items.
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): زياد, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت ، كمتر از 15 ماه (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).
