分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Cynoscion: Greek, kyon = dog + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 2 - 18 m (Ref. 1183). 亞熱帶的; 39°N - 9°N, 98°W - 59°W
Western Atlantic: Maryland to northeastern Florida in the USA and throughout Gulf of Mexico. Reported from Campeche Bank in Mexico (Ref. 5733). Often misidentified as Cynoscion regalis (Ref. 3702).
西大西洋: 到在美國的佛羅里達東北方的馬里蘭與在墨西哥灣各處。 記錄來自在墨西哥的 Campeche 堤岸了。 (參考文獻 5733) 時常被誤鑑成 Cynoscion regalis 。 (參考文獻 3702)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 15.8, range 14 - 17 cm
Max length : 36.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3702); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3702); 最大年龄: 1.20 年 (Ref. 31629)
背棘 (总数) : 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 26 - 31; 臀棘: 2; 臀鳍软条: 8 - 11; 脊椎骨: 27. Colour greyish above and changing abruptly to silvery below. Back and upper sides sometimes with very faint irregular rows of spots. Dorsal fin dusky, other fins pale to yellowish. Mouth large, oblique, lower jaw projecting. Upper jaw with a pair of large canine-like teeth at tip. Lower jaw with a row of sharp enlarged inner-row teeth, widely spaced. Chin without barbels or pores. Snout with 2 marginal pores. Gas bladder with a pair of straight, horn-like anterior appendages. Soft portion of dorsal fin covered with small scales on basal half of in (Ref 51721).
颜色略灰色的上方而且突然地改变到下面银色的。 背面与上侧面有时有非常模糊的不规则的斑点列。 背鳍暗色又其他的鳍灰白的到淡黄色的。 嘴大的, 斜的, 下颌突出的。 在顶端上颌有一对大的像犬齿一样的齿。 下颌有一列锐利的增大内部-列齿, 空隙大的。 没有触须或孔的下巴。 吻部有 2个边缘的孔。 气鳔有一对直线，像触角一样的前肢。 背鳍的柔软部位覆盖着小鳞片了基部之上一半的在 (参考文献 51721).
Occurs usually over sandy bottoms in inshore waters along beaches and in river mouths. Feeds mainly on crustaceans and fishes.
沿着海滩在近岸水域通常生活在砂质底部之上与在河口中。 主要吃甲壳动物和鱼类。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 到在美國的佛羅里達東北方的馬里蘭與在墨西哥灣各處。 記錄來自在墨西哥的 Campeche 堤岸了。 (參考文獻 5733) 時常被誤鑑成 Cynoscion regalis 。 (參考文獻 3702)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.4 - 28, mean 26.8 °C (based on 492 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.00776 - 0.01949), b=3.01 (2.88 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.60 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.22).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 88.6 [49.6, 178.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.932 [0.487, 1.800] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.33 [0.18, 0.55] g/100g; Selenium = 16 [8, 33] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.9 [5.9, 62.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.905 [0.638, 1.335] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
