分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Cynoscion: Greek, kyon = dog + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 ? - 30 m (Ref. 3702). 熱帶; 15°N - 29°S, 78°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Venezuela to Santos, Brazil.
西大西洋: 委內瑞拉到巴西的桑托斯。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 32.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 92.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3702); 78.0 cm TL (female); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3702); 最大体重: 3.0 kg (Ref. 5217)
背棘 (总数) : 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 22 - 25; 臀棘: 2; 臀鳍软条: 8 - 10. Silvery greenish to greyish on back, whitish on belly. Tip of dorsal fin darkish. Upper rays of pectoral fins, anterior part of anal fin and caudal fin yellowish. Mouth large, oblique, lower jaw projecting. Upper jaw with a pair of large canine-like teeth at tip. Gradually increasing in size posteriorly. Chin without barbel or pore, snout with 2 marginal pores. Gas bladder with a pair of long and straight horn-like appendages. Scales very small, all cycloid (smooth) with 140 or more transverse scales above lateral line. Soft portion of dorsal fin covered with scales beyond basal half of fin (Ref 51721).
银色的呈绿色到略灰色的背面, 微白色的在腹面上。 背鳍的顶端微暗的。 胸鳍的上面鳍条, 臀鳍与尾鳍的前部淡黄色的。 嘴大的, 斜的, 下颌突出的。 在顶端上颌有一对大的像犬齿一样的齿。 逐渐地在后部地在大小方面增加。 没有触须或者孔的下巴,吻部有 2个边缘的孔。 气鳔有一对长且直像触角一样的附肢。 鳞片非常小的, 所有的圆形 (平滑的) 与 140个或更多横跨的鳞片在侧线上面。 背鳍的柔软部位覆盖着鳞片超过基部一半的鳍 (参考文献 51721)了。
Usually found over mud and sandy bottoms in river estuaries and in marine areas from the coastline to about 30 m depth. Marketed mostly fresh.
在河口与海洋的区域从海岸线中通常发现于泥与砂质底部之上到大约 30 公尺深。 市场上大部份生鲜地销售。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 委內瑞拉到巴西的桑托斯。
Chao, L.N., 1978. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Volume 4. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3702)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
工具
特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.1 - 28, mean 27.5 °C (based on 306 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00480 - 0.01093), b=3.07 (2.95 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 7.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (57 of 100).
