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Stomiiformes (Lightfishes and dragonfishes) >
Sternoptychidae (Marine hatchetfishes) > Maurolicinae
Etymology: Valenciennellus: From Achille Valenciennes 1794-1865; he worked with Duméril, Cuvier and Lacepède since 1815; malacologist, author of a "Histoire naturelle des poissons" (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي ناحیه ای از منطقه اقیانوسی با عمق بین 1000 تا 4000 متر. موجوداتی که در آبهای آزاد بین اعماق 1000 تا 4000 متر زندگی و تغذیه می کنند; غير مهاجر; تغييرات عمق 100 - 1000 m (Ref. 74511), usually 200 - 400 m (Ref. 4462). Deep-water; 67°N - 34°S, 98°W - 117°W
Worldwide in tropical to temperate waters (Ref. 37039). Eastern Atlantic: scattered records in Iceland, Ireland, Mediterranean Sea, also from Portugal southward to Namibia. Western Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 27768). Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951). Eastern Pacific: California Current region (Ref. 35838). South China Sea (Ref.74511).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm ?, range 3 - ? cm
Max length : 3.1 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 4462); 3.1 cm SL (female)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 0; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 7 - 10; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 0; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 22 - 25. Silvery in color during the day, darker at night. Branchiostegal rays: 9-10 (Ref. 35838). Unique arrangements of the photophores on the tail, five separated groups containing 2-4 light organs (Ref. 37473).
Oceanic and mesopelagic, with marked stratification of size with depth (Ref. 4739). Generally non-migrant or only short diel vertical migrations (Ref. 4739). A selective daytime feeder on copepods (mainly Pleuromamma and ostracods, Conchoecia) (Ref. 4739). Also Ref. 58302.
Annual species probably spawning year round (Ref. 4739). Spawns more than once with egg batches about 100-360 eggs/ovary pair, the number increasing with animal size (Ref. 4739).
Quéro, J.-C., J.C. Njock and M.M. de la Hoz, 1990. Sternoptychidae. p. 275-282. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4462)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.1 - 19, mean 12.7 °C (based on 680 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.24 se; based on food items.
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (tmax=1; tm<1; Fec=100-360 (annual<1000)).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
