分類 / 名稱
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts)
仿石鱸科 (Grunts) > Haemulinae
Etymology: Haemulon: Greek, haimaleos = bloody (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Franz Steindachner (1834–1919) was an Austrian zoologist who specialised in herpetology and ichthyology. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.
環境: 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 9626). 熱帶; 25°N - 23°S
Western Atlantic: Panama to Santa Catarina, Brazil (Ref. 57756). Eastern Pacific: Mexico to Peru (Ref. 5530).
西大西洋: 巴拿馬到巴西聖保羅.(參考文獻 57756) 東太平洋: 墨西哥到祕魯.(參考文獻 5530)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3798); 最大體重: 300.00 g (Ref. 5217)
背棘 (總數) : 12; 背的軟條 (總數) : 16; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 9. Body oblong, compressed and not very deep (depth contained 2.5 to 2.9 times in standard length); mouth large and terminal, its posterior end located at the same level as the posterior edge of the pupil; first gill arch with 19 to 25 gill rakers; dorsal fin notched, with 11 to 12 spines and 15 to 17 soft rays (XI-XII, 15-17); second anal spine slightly longer and stronger than third; scale series above lateral line oblique; body dark brown or silver gray; each scale bearing a pearly gray spot, the spots appearing to form lines following the scale series; lower part of preopercle with a black spot; caudal peduncle with a large dark spot; fins grayish (Ref. 55763). Scales below lateral line oblique; anal fin more heavily scaled than other species; silvery gray or brown on back, silvery on sides, with dark lines following oblique scale rows; a large black spot at caudal base (Ref. 13442).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
鱗片在側線下斜角; 臀鰭鱗片更多的勝於其他的種; 銀灰色的或褐色背面, 銀色的在側邊上, 藉由黑色線條在斜的鱗片列之後; 在尾部的基底一個大的黑色斑點.(參考文獻 13442)
Found over sandy and rubble bottoms; occasionally on coral reefs and rocky areas (Ref. 3798). Rarely in clear oceanic insular areas (Ref. 5217). Often found in schools (Ref. 3798). Juveniles encountered near the shore, over sandy bottoms near seagrass beds (Ref. 9626). Feeds on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 3798). Marketed fresh (Ref. 3798).
發現在沙與碎石底部上了; 偶然地在珊瑚礁與岩石區上.(參考文獻 3798) 極少在清澈的大洋性的島區域。 (參考文獻 5217) 時常集結成群。 (參考文獻 3798) 稚魚在海岸的附近見到了, 在海草床附近的沙質底部之上.(參考文獻 9626) 吃底棲的無脊椎動物。 (參考文獻 3798) 在市場上銷售生鮮地了。 (參考文獻 3798)
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 巴拿馬到巴西聖保羅.(參考文獻 57756) 東太平洋: 墨西哥到祕魯.(參考文獻 5530)
McKay, R.J. and M. Schneider, 1995. Haemulidae. Burros, corocoros, chulas, gallinazos, roncos. p. 1136-1173. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9114)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 14 July 2020
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 水族館: 公眾的水族館; 誘餌: usually
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基於模型的估計
首選溫度 (參考文獻
123201): 23.8 - 28.1, mean 27.1 °C (based on 282 cells).
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.00875 - 0.02178), b=3.02 (2.89 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.7 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.3;).
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
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營養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 46.7 [16.0, 86.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.58 [0.31, 1.03] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.4, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.145 [0.078, 0.231] g/100g; Selenium = 29.2 [17.4, 47.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 101 [41, 245] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.2 [0.8, 1.8] mg/100g (wet weight);