Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά); εύρος βάθους 0 - 50 m (Ref. 189). Tropical; 33°N - 3°S, 116°W - 77°W (Ref. 189)
Eastern Central Pacific: southwestern coast of Baja California, Mexico and the Gulf of California to Panama and the Galápagos Islands.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 17.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 114986); common length : 9.5 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 9298)
Short description
Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 0; Εδρικές άκανθες: 0; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 15 - 19. Body rather elongate, but somewhat compressed. Snout moderate, about 3/4 eye diameter; maxilla moderate, tip narrowly pointed, reaching onto sub-operculum, but not to edge of gill cover; gill cover canals of panamensis-type. Anal fin short, its origin below posterior third of dorsal fin base. A narrow silver stripe along flank, deeper above anal fin (about 3/4 to 2/3 eye diameter).
A schooling species occurring in coastal waters. Pelagic. Frequently caught over sand or gravel in the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica, but also over mud.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
May spawn throughout the year in the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica (Ref. 189). Spawn in school (Ref. 205).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: παραδοσιακή αλιεία
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.6 - 28.5, mean 25.8 °C (based on 60 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00358 - 0.00967), b=3.13 (3.00 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).