分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Mulliformes (Goatfishes)
鱸形目 (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
鬚鯛科 (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Upeneus: Greek, ypene, -es = upper lip (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Poey.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 18 - 100 m (Ref. 5217), usually 40 - 70 m (Ref. 9626). 熱帶; 37°N - 33°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA and Puerto Rico to Santa Catarina, Brazil (Ref. 57756). Absent in the Bahamas, Bermuda, and the western Caribbean (Ref. 26938).
西大西洋: 對巴西聖保羅的美國北卡羅萊那州與波多黎各.(參考文獻 57756) 不存在於巴哈馬，百慕達群島, 與加勒比海西部.(參考文獻 26938)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 14.6 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 26938); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3792); 最大體重: 180.00 g (Ref. 126891)
背棘 (總數) : 8; 背的軟條 (總數) : 8; 臀棘: 2; 臀鰭軟條: 6. Oblique dark bars across both lobes of caudal fin (Ref. 26938).
橫過尾鰭的雙葉的斜的黑橫帶.(參考文獻 26938)
Found over mud and sand bottoms (Ref. 3792). Juveniles up to 8 cm are pelagic (Ref. 9626). Feeds mainly on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 3792). Flesh considered good quality; marketed fresh and frozen (Ref. 3792). In southwestern Brazil found in 112 m depth (Ref. 47377).
發現在泥與沙底部上了。 (參考文獻 3792) 稚魚向上到 8 公分是大洋性的。 (參考文獻 9626) 主要吃底棲的無脊椎動物。 (參考文獻 3792) 肉被認為是好品質; 在市場上銷售生鮮和冷凍.(參考文獻 3792) 在西南方的巴西發現於 112 公尺深。 (參考文獻 47377)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Oviparous (Ref. 101743).西大西洋: 對巴西聖保羅的美國北卡羅萊那州與波多黎各.(參考文獻 57756) 不存在於巴哈馬，百慕達群島, 與加勒比海西部.(參考文獻 26938)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.5 - 27.3, mean 24.5 °C (based on 127 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00806 - 0.01131), b=3.11 (3.08 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.7 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 157 [89, 302] mg/100g; Iron = 1 [0, 2] mg/100g; Protein = 17.4 [15.4, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.291 [0.165, 0.535] g/100g; Selenium = 53.4 [28.0, 103.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 27 [9, 94] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.07 [0.66, 1.52] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
