分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods) >
Merlucciidae (Merluccid hakes)
Etymology: Merluccius: Latin, mar, maris = the sea + Latin, lucius = pike (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Mitchill.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 深海底的; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 80 - 1170 m (Ref. 1371), usually 160 - 640 m (Ref. 1371). 深水域; 42°N - 4°N, 98°W - 50°W (Ref. 58452)
Western Central Atlantic: Georges Bank, New England to Suriname and French Guiana.
中西大西洋: 新英格蘭喬治亞淺灘，新英格蘭到蘇利南與法屬圭亞那。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 28.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.6 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 70.0 cm TL (female); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1371); common length :45 cm TL (female); 最大体重: 0.00 g
背棘 (总数) : 1; 背的软条 (总数) : 45 - 51; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 35 - 41; 脊椎骨: 51 - 53. Head rather long; mouth large; gill rakers short and thick, with blunt tips; pectoral fin tips reaching a vertical through anus in small fish but not in larger ones; overall color silvery white (Ref. 1371).
头部相当长的; 嘴大的; 鳃耙短与厚的, 藉由钝的顶端; 胸鳍顶端达到一垂直的在小鱼中经过肛门但是不在较大的一些中; 全体色彩银白色.(参考文献 1371)
Offshore species which inhabit the outer part of the continental shelf and upper part of the slope. Feed at night when they come up towards the surface (Ref. 1371). Juveniles feed primarily on crustaceans (Ref. 58452). Adults' food consists primarily of fishes (particularly lantern fishes, sardines and anchovies) and, to a lesser extent, crustaceans and squids (Ref. 1371). Spawning occurs near the bottom at 330-550 m depth range from April to July in New England and from late spring to early autumn in the Gulf of Mexico and the Carribean Sea (Ref. 58452). Marketed fresh, frozen and smoked.
居住于斜坡的大陆架与上半部的外部部份的一个外海种。 在晚上觅食当它向表面发生的时候。 食物主要地鱼 (特别地灯笼鱼，沙丁鱼与 鱼) 组成与, 对一个较少的范围，甲壳动物与乌贼。 在市场上销售生鲜地了,冻结而且烟熏。
中西大西洋: 新英格蘭喬治亞淺灘，新英格蘭到蘇利南與法屬圭亞那。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.1 - 20.5, mean 12.6 °C (based on 182 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00453 - 0.01269), b=3.01 (2.86 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Assuming tmax > 3 and tm >=2; K=0.57; Fec=340,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16.3 [7.2, 65.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.484 [0.080, 1.352] mg/100g; Protein = 17.2 [15.7, 18.6] %; Omega3 = 0.252 [0.112, 0.506] g/100g; Selenium = 24.9 [9.8, 55.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11 [2, 52] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.301 [0.197, 0.490] mg/100g (wet weight);
