分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Mulliformes (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Parupeneus: Latin, parum, parvum = small + Peneus, the name of a river.
More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 20 - 200 m (Ref. 54393), usually 74 - 78 m (Ref. 54393). 热带
Indo-West Pacific: disjunct distribution: Japan to coast of Aomori Prefecture, Honshu, the Izu Peninsula, Kochi Pref., Ogasawara Islands and southeastern Taiwan; in the south from the Arafura Sea, the NW shelf and Kimberly region of Western Australia; from Geographe Bay northwards.
印度-西太平洋: 非连续分布: 青森县，本州岛的日本到海岸, 伊豆半岛，高知 Pref。, 小笠原群岛与东南方的台湾; 在南方西澳大利亚的从阿拉弗拉海， NW 大陆棚与 Kimberly 区域中; 从 Geographe 海湾北方。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 48636)
背棘 (总数) : 8; 背的软条 (总数) : 9; 臀棘: 1; 臀鳍软条: 7. This species is distinguished by the following characters: pectoral rays 15-16 (rarely 15); gill rakers 6-7 + 19-22 = 26-28; greatest body depth at or slightly anterior to origin of dorsal fin, 2.9-3.25 in SL; head length (HL) 2.8-3.1 in SL; snout length 1.65-1.9 in HL; cheek depth (lower edge of eye vertically to ventral margin of preopercle) 6.5-9.6 in SL; barbels 1.35-1.45 in HL; the longest dorsal spine 1.5-1.75 in HL; pectoral-fin length 1.25-1.4 in HL, 3.55-4.2 in SL; pelvic-fin length 1.4-1.65 in HL. Colour pale reddish to bluish gray, scale edges red, a yellow stripe from eye to base of caudal fin just above lateral line (stripe may be red in fish from deep water); barbels white to pale yellow (Ref. 54393).
鉴别: 胸鳍鳍条 15-16.(很少地 15) 鳃耙 6-7+19-22.(总数 26-28) 最大的体高在或些微地位于背鳍起点， 2.9-3.25 分之一标准体长前; 头长 (HL)2.8-3.1 分之一标准体长; 吻的长度 1.65-1.9个 HL比率; 颊的深度 (眼的下缘垂直地对前鳃盖骨的下缘)6.5-9.6 分之一标准体长; 触须 1.35-1.45 HL比率; 长的背棘 1.5-1.75个 HL比率; 胸鳍长度 1.25-1.4个 HL比率, 3.55-4.2 分之一标准体长; 腹鳍长度1.4-1.65個 HL比率。 灰白的淡紅到藍灰色的, 鱗片邊緣紅色, 在側線的正上方從眼到尾鰭基底具有一個黃色的斑紋;(斑紋在來自深水域的魚中可能是紅色) 觸鬚白色到白黃色的.(參考文獻 54393)
Apparently occurs in deeper waters in the warmer seas of lower latitudes (Ref. 54393). Inhabits silt or mud bottoms near reefs (Ref. 90102).Done
显然地在低纬度的较热的海洋中出现于较深的水域中。 (参考文献 54393)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
印度-西太平洋: 非连续分布: 青森县，本州岛的日本到海岸, 伊豆半岛，高知 Pref。, 小笠原群岛与东南方的台湾; 在南方西澳大利亚的从阿拉弗拉海， NW 大陆棚与 Kimberly 区域中; 从 Geographe 海湾北方。
Randall, J.E., 2004. Revision of the goatfish genus Parupeneus (Perciformes: Mullidae), with descriptions of two new species. Indo-Pac. Fish. (36):64 p. (Ref. 54393)
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.6 - 27.4, mean 25.9 °C (based on 42 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.00775 - 0.02460), b=3.08 (2.93 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 67.9 [27.6, 194.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.523 [0.251, 1.331] mg/100g; Protein = 17.1 [13.9, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.208 [0.106, 0.427] g/100g; Selenium = 120 [51, 318] μg/100g; VitaminA = 39.5 [7.6, 185.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.458 [0.261, 0.938] mg/100g (wet weight);
