分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - ? m. 热带; 42°N - 36°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 93339)
Circumglobal: all oceans preferably open ocean waters.
Atlantic: northward from 37°N in the western part of the ocean to 25° N in the eastern part and southward from 30° S in the western part to 8° S in the eastern part; somewhat broader in the Eastern Atlantic. It is quite rare in the Caribbean (except for the eastern part) and in the Gulf of Mexico.
Indian Ocean: Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal in the north to the southern end of Africa and the western coast of Australia in the south; not found in the Red Sea, Aden, Oman and the Persian Gulfs, as well as in the easternmost part of the Indian Ocean in the waters between the southern Indonesian islands and the northern coast of Australia. Juveniles are distributed throughout the range of the species except in the most southwestern areas from the Mozambique Channel to the False Bay and in the waters off the west coast of Australia; juveniles were found in all seasons.
Pacific Ocean: northward from the northwestern tip of the Honshu Island in the west to 20° N in the east, and southward from the east coast of Australia to the waters of Ecuador and
Peru. Absent in the East China, Yellow and Japan Seas, quite rare in the South China Sea, none in the inner Indonesian seas.
全世界的热带水域。 东大西洋: 可能遍及热带的区域, 显然地罕见在几内亚湾而且不存在于本吉拉海流.(参考文献 4498) 西大西洋: 南美洲北部;(参考文献 5217) 罕见在加勒比海与墨西哥湾.(参考文献 3720) 印度洋: 南非 (参考文献 2797) ，模里西斯，罗德里格斯与马尔地夫 (参考文献 33390) 与查戈斯群岛.(参考文献 27307) 西太平洋: 纽西兰;(参考文献 5755) 可能不存在于东南亚的内海。 (参考文献 9839) 中太平洋: 夏威夷.(参考文献 583) 東太平洋: 薩爾瓦多到厄瓜多.(參考文獻 9300) 地中海.(參考文獻 50345)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.1 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 93339)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 10 - 12; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 11 - 13. Body dark, iridescent blue above, silvery white below; dorsal and caudal fins greyish, other fins hyaline (Ref. 2797). Juveniles elongate, paired fins mottled (Ref. 2797).
身体黑的，上半部有蓝色虹彩，和下面银白色的; 背鳍与尾鳍鳍略灰色又其他的鳍透明的.(参考文献 2797) 稚鱼延长, 偶鳍有斑点的.(参考文献 2797)
Found in oceanic surface waters (Ref. 9839). Caught in surface waters over the depths 80-10,400 meters, usually 2000 to 6000 m (mean 4423 m) (Ref. 93339). Spawns throughout the year in warm waters (Ref. 6523).
发现于海洋表面水域了。 (参考文献 9839) 在温暖的水域中产卵全年度。 (参考文献 6523)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
全世界的热带水域。 东大西洋: 可能遍及热带的区域, 显然地罕见在几内亚湾而且不存在于本吉拉海流.(参考文献 4498) 西大西洋: 南美洲北部;(参考文献 5217) 罕见在加勒比海与墨西哥湾.(参考文献 3720) 印度洋: 南非 (参考文献 2797) ，模里西斯，罗德里格斯与马尔地夫 (参考文献 33390) 与查戈斯群岛.(参考文献 27307) 西太平洋: 纽西兰;(参考文献 5755) 可能不存在于东南亚的内海。 (参考文献 9839) 中太平洋: 夏威夷.(参考文献 583) 東太平洋: 薩爾瓦多到厄瓜多.(參考文獻 9300) 地中海.(參考文獻 50345)
Shakhovskoy, I.B. and N.V. Parin, 2013. A review of flying fishes of the subgenus Hirundichthys (genus Hirundichthys, Exocoetidae). 1. Oceanic species: H. speculiger, H. indicus sp. nova. J. Ichthyol. 53(2):117-145. (Ref. 93339)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 1.2 - 2.9, mean 1.5 °C (based on 26666 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00292 - 0.01429), b=3.04 (2.84 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.08 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).
