Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) Υφαλόφιλο(α); ωκεανόδρομο(ς) (Ref. 51243); εύρος βάθους 3 - 55 m (Ref. 5217). Tropical
Western Atlantic: Florida, USA and Bermuda to the Antilles and western Caribbean; also from Brazil.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 5217); common length : 80.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 5217)
Εδρικές άκανθες: 0. Gray in color, fins with distinctly black margins (Ref. 13442). Upper lip has along upper edge (Ref. 26938).
Occurs mainly around islands. Benthic (Ref. 26340) on hard, rocky or coral bottoms (Ref. 5217).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: παραδοσιακή αλιεία
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.2 - 28, mean 26.8 °C (based on 280 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00048 (0.00021 - 0.00110), b=3.23 (3.05 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 4,5 - 14 έτη (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 28.5 [15.3, 53.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.433 [0.259, 0.964] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [16.0, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.109 [0.049, 0.311] g/100g; Selenium = 45.9 [25.7, 89.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 54.5 [17.2, 162.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.812 [0.581, 1.129] mg/100g (wet weight);
