Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ökologie
seewasser riff-verbunden; ozeanodrom (Ref. 51243); tiefenbereich 3 - 55 m (Ref. 5217). Tropical
Western Atlantic: Florida, USA and Bermuda to the Antilles and western Caribbean; also from Brazil.
Size / Gewicht / Alter
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 5217); common length : 80.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 5217)
Afterflossenstacheln: 0. Gray in color, fins with distinctly black margins (Ref. 13442). Upper lip has along upper edge (Ref. 26938).
Occurs mainly around islands. Benthic (Ref. 26340) on hard, rocky or coral bottoms (Ref. 5217).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Fortpflanzung | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: kleinfischerei
Tools
Zusatzinformationen
Download XML
Internet Quellen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.2 - 28, mean 26.8 °C (based on 280 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00048 (0.00021 - 0.00110), b=3.23 (3.05 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert 4,5 - 14 Jahre. (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 28.5 [15.3, 53.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.433 [0.259, 0.964] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [16.0, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.109 [0.049, 0.311] g/100g; Selenium = 45.9 [25.7, 89.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 54.5 [17.2, 162.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.812 [0.581, 1.129] mg/100g (wet weight);