Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά); ωκεανόδρομο(ς) (Ref. 51243); εύρος βάθους 0 - 400 m (Ref. 86942). Subtropical; 24°C - ? (Ref. 26); 48°N - 48°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 55203)
Worldwide in tropical and subtropical seas. Frequently misidentified as juvenile or female of Coryphaena hippurus. Highly migratory species.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 22 - ? cm
Max length : 146 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 111105); common length : 50.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 2683); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 4 έτη (Ref. 26)
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 0; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 52 - 59; Εδρικές άκανθες: 0; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 24 - 28; Σπόνδυλοι: 33. Body elongated and compressed, its depth contained less than 4.0 times in standard length (adults); tongue with a wide tooth patch covering 50 to 60 percent of its surface; dorsal fin originating on nape, almost reaching caudal fin, with 48 to 55 rays; anterior distal edge of anal fin convex; pectoral fins located near middle of head; body shiny blue green, changing to gray with green tints after death; flanks with golden highlights and numerous diffuse black stains (Ref. 55763). Greatest body depth more than 25% of SL; tooth patch on tongue broad and square; single dorsal fin extending from just behind eye almost to caudal fin, with 52-59 rays; a convex anal fin extending from anus almost to caudal fin; pectoral fin about half of head length (Ref. 10948). Caudal vertebrae usually 20. (Ref. 10998). Color in life brilliant metallic blue-green dorsally, fading to grey with green tinge upon death; sides silvery with golden sheen and spots; dorsal fin dark; juveniles with entire caudal fin margin white. Head profile of large adults (30-200 cm.) becomes vertical with the development of bony crest, but more in males.
Primarily an oceanic species but may enter coastal waters (Ref. 9293). Usually forms schools. Follows boats and may be found under floating objects (Ref. 9293). Feeds on small fishes and squid (Ref. 9293). Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6755). Marketed fresh and considered an excellent food fish (Ref. 5288). An important game fish in northern South America (Ref. 5217).
Palko, B.J., G.L. Beardsley and W.J. Richards, 1982. Synopsis of the biological data on dolphin-fishes, Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus and Coryphaena equiselis Linnaeus. FAO Fish. Synop. (130); NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ. (443). (Ref. 26)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: περιορισμένης εμπορικότητας; αλιεία αναψυχής: ναί
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.2 - 27.9, mean 22.3 °C (based on 1841 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.00477 - 0.03174), b=2.98 (2.76 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.60 se; based on food items.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (tmax=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (87 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 52.4 [27.6, 113.8] mg/100g; Iron = 1.61 [0.83, 3.03] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [18.9, 21.4] %; Omega3 = 0.438 [0.234, 0.836] g/100g; Selenium = 52.1 [24.7, 112.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.46 [1.28, 16.52] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.436 [0.285, 0.699] mg/100g (wet weight);
