Teleostei (teleosts) >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Cynoglossidae (Tonguefishes) > Symphurinae
Etymology: Symphurus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Chabanaud.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; bathydemersal; depth range 260 - 945 m (Ref. 10734). Deep-water; 14°N - 12°S
Eastern Central Atlantic: off West Africa, mainly extending from 2°N to 12°S. A record from 14°49'N, 17°43'W (IOS 10873), represents a northwesterly range extension.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 11.8 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 10734)
Inhabits mud bottoms (Ref. 10734).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Munroe, T.A., 1990. Eastern Atlantic tonguefishes (Symphurus: Cynoglossidae, Pleuronectiformes), with descriptions of two new species. Bull. Mar. Sci. 47(2)[52]:464-515. (Ref. 10734)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.1 - 8.9, mean 8.8 °C (based on 22 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).