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> Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies) > Cichlidae (Cichlids) > Cichlasomatinae
Etymology: Parachromis:Greek, para = the side of + Greek, chromis = a fish, perhaps a perch (Ref. 45335). More on author: Günther.
Taxonomic Remarks Reviewed in Kullander & Hartel, 1997, with redescription and photo, and lectotype designation of P. gulosus. Heros managuensis described in more detail in Günther 1868:463, pl. 77 (fig. 3). Reviewed by Bussing (1998: 367), with key, diagnosis, geographical distribution, and figures.
Ambiente: milieu / zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / gama de distribuição Ecologia
; Água doce bentopelágico; pH range: 7.0 - 8.7; dH range: 10 - 15; não migratória (Ref. 126106); intervalo de profundidade 3 - 10 m (Ref. 80549). Tropical; 25°C - 36°C (Ref. 36880); 37°N - 9°N
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 17 - 18; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 10 - 11; Espinhos anais: 6 - 8; Raios anais moles: 11 - 12. This species is distinguished by its large mouth, projecting lower jaw, prominent enlarged canine teeth, black spots on fins and body, a more or less continuous black stripe between the eye and opercular margin, another between the eye and the lower angle of the opercle; a row of black blotches along the middle of the side. Distinguished from other members of the genus by having the preopercle expanded at the angle. Body color silvery or golden-green to purple; back moss green, sides with purple iridescence, belly whitish or yellowish; dorsal, anal and caudal fins with numerous black spots, interspaces whitish, yellowish or with blue iridescence; a black blotch on the caudal-fin base. Breeding females with stronger crimson hue to the gill cover. Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Adults inhabit lakes, preferring turbid waters and mud bottoms of the highly eutrophic lakes (Ref. 7335), in springs and ponds over detritus and sand bottom (Ref. 5723). Commonly found in very warm, oxygen depleted inundation lakes (Ref. 8978). Highly predaceous, feeding mainly on small fishes and macroinvertebrates (Ref. 7335; 44091). Oviparous, they spawn in batches (Ref. Highly esteemed as food fish (Ref. 44091). Maximum length 63 cm TL (Ref. 5723).
Deposits up to 5,000 eggs on rocks and other hard substrates; both parents guard the eggs and resulting fry (Ref. 44091). Reported to deposit up to 10,496 eggs (Ref. 80549).
Kullander, S.O., 2003. Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Ciclo de vida Reprodução Maturidade Maturidade/Rel. das guelras Fecundidade Desova Agregações de desova Ovos Desenvolvimento dos ovos Larvas Dinâmica larvar
Fisiologia Composição corporal Nutrientes Consumo de oxigénio Tipo de natação Velocidade de natação Pigmentos visuais Som de peixe Doenças e Parasitas Toxicidade (LC50s)
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02089 (0.01350 - 0.03232), b=3.05 (2.92 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.59 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref. 120179): Médio, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (Assuming tm=1-2; Fec=10,000).
Vulnerabilidade da pesca (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100). 🛈
