Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina; sötvatten; brackvatten bottenlevande; katadrom (Ref. 46888). Temperate; 15°S - 40°S, 110°E - 155°E
Indo-West Pacific: southern Australia, from Geraldton, Western Australia to Cooktown, Queensland.
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9812); common length : 18.5 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9812)
Form schools in shallows, bogs and lower estuaries, and more saline lagoons. Often seen jumping at the surface (Ref. 9812). Fish younger than one year can be found in freshwaters, but not when older (Ref. 9812). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Spawn in the sea. Feed on minute benthic organisms, including small crustaceans and filamentous algae. Marketed fresh and filleted (Ref. 9812).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver
Bathia, U. and T. Wongratana, 1974. Mugilidae. In W. Fischer and P.J.P. Whitehead (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Indian Ocean (fishing area 57) and Western Central Pacific (Fishing Area 71). Volume 3. [var. pag.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 2109)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: kommersiell
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.2 - 25.2, mean 18.5 °C (based on 152 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00558 - 0.02474), b=2.96 (2.79 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 2.9 ±0.33 se; based on food items.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
